I 11 ill ! ill i I . ttllllllr ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LX, 1949 I PHILIP P. CALVERT, EDITOR EMERITUS R. G. SCHMIEDER, EDITOR EDITORIAL STAFF J. A. G. REHN E. F. J. MARX M. E. PHILLIPS A. G. RICHARDS, JR. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. 1949 The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1949 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1 January March 21, 1949 No. 2 February May 9, 1949 No. 3 March June 13, 1949 No. 4_April June 29, 1949 No. 5 May August 12, 1949 No. 6 June ' September 22, 1949 No. 7 July October 24, 1949 No. 8 October November 23, 1949 No. 9 November January 20, 1950 The date of mailing the December, 1949, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1950. Have you renewed your subscription? ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1940 Vol. LX No. I CONTENTS DIV. U.S. MATL. MUS. Ross Xiphocentronidae, a new family ..................... 1 Wing Distribution of Vespa crabro ........................ 7 Bishop Mating in Leiobunum calcar ....................... 10 Chamberlin Centipeds from Alaska ........................ 12 Tinkham Haunts and babits of the Drangonfly Oplonaeschna armata ............................................ Cole Ant hosts of the fungus Laboulbenia .................. 17 Current Entomological Literature ...................... List of titles referred to bv numbers ........................ 26 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $4.00 domoiii; $4.30 foreign; $4.15 C.m.i.l.i Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in the Act of Februar, embodied in paragraph 4. Sec. 538. I'. 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Ross, Illinois State Natural History Suru \ . Urbana, Illinois In collections made by Mr. Harry lloogstraal during his 1940 expedition to Mexico are a few specimens of a most unusual small black caddisfly. This species combines characters which were formerly considered distinctive for three families, the Rhyacophilidae. Philopotamidae, and Psychomyiidae such a mixture of characters that at first I was unable to place the spe- cies at all. Finally it was tracked to Brauer's long lost genu- Xiphoccntron and it now appears necessary to erect a new family for its reception. During the course of preparation of this paper, a second species of the genus from southern China was sent to me by Dr. E. S. Ross. Xiphocentronidae new family Characteristics. Size moderate, bod,y fairly slender. Ann i nae reaching to about end of abdomen. Maxillary palps of both sexes 5-segmented, fig. 6, the two basal segments short, tin- third subequal to the first two together, the fourth one and a half times the third, the fifth long, whiplike and multi-segmented, as long as the third and fourth combined. Labial palps with two basal segments short, third longer and multi-segmented. Dor- sum of head with no ocelli, but with three pairs of prominent warts and sutures as shown in fig. 5. Mesoprae^cutum well delineated with sutures, elongate, the sides converging po>teriai ; ( >. thorax, dorsal asp< 10, apex of abdomrn, lateral aspect. A'. I'iliuickii : /W. 21: 103, pi. 2); Ulmer (1907, Gen. Insect. 60: 176, figs. 217o, b). Genotype, monobasic. Xiphoccn- tron biliinekii Brauer. Of the three species considered as belonging to this genus, I have seen specimens of only the two new ones. To my knowl- edge, the genotype is known only by Brauer 's illustrations. These show characters of venation, tibial spurs, and shape of male genitalia so in agreement with these structures in the other two species that there seems no doubt of the relationship and association. It is interesting that the members of this small, primitive family are widely separated geographically, two from Mexico and one from China. This could indicate a separation of con- siderable geologic time. As a matter of fact, the Chinese spe- cies shows considerable difference from the Mexican in wing venation and male tibial spurs, and the two groups may ulti- mately be considered as generically distinct. The two show such close affinity in genitalia, however, that I prefer to follow a broader generic concept until more information about the fauna indicates the desirability of a change in status. Key to species males 1. Apical spur of hind tibia at least half as long as tibia, fig. 8. Known from Mexico bilimekii Apical spur of hind tibia less than a fourth as long as tibia, ,fig- 7... 2 2. Clasper with a large oval ring of black spines on meson at point of narrowing, the mesal spines flat and truncate and forming a fairly regular comb, fig. 12.4. Known from China hwangi Claspers with only an irregular patch of much shorter spines on meson at point of narrowing, fig. l\A. Known from Mexico rnexico Xiphocentron mexico new species Male. Length from tip of head to tip of folded wings, 6.5 mm. Color dark brown, lighter along the sutures and on the venter, the wings with light brown membrane and brown pubescence. Ix, '49 ] ]: XTOM OLOG J I AL N V.\\ S I2A Male Genitalia of .\iplioccntron X. inc.vico: 11, lateral aspect; 11 A, ventral aspect. A". liMiin/i: 12, lateral aspect; 12A, ventral aspect. General characteristics as described above under family or ^enus. Hind tibia with apical spur wide and Hat. bearing two spino at 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 apex, and only about one-seventh as long as tibia, fig. 7. Wing venation illustrated in figs. 3, 4. Genitalia as in fig. 11. Ninth tergite forming a high, short, and somewhat hood-like sclerite, ninth sternite long, forming a round sclerite beneath the claspers, narrowed and excavated at apex. Tenth tergite represented by a series of membranous folds above the aedeagus. Cercus long and sinuate, up- and in-curved at apex, only sparsely haired. Clasper 1-segmented, the base large and robust, the apex elongate and ribbon-like ; the mesal margin, fig. II A, bears a cluster of short, sharp teeth at base of narrowed portion, the latter bearing a series of scattered, shorter ventro-mesal teeth to slightly beyond the middle. Aedeagus tubular and elongate, extending into the seventh or sixth segment, the apex little modified. Internally there is a series of sclerotized braces connecting cerci, claspers, and aedeagus guides. Female. Similar in size, color, and general structure to male, differing chiefly in spur count, which is 2-4-4, spurs of front tibia short, hind tibia with outer apical spur twice as long as inner spur. Apex of abdomen simple, fig. 10, the terminal segments forming a slender, extensile tube. Holotypc, male.- Villa Santiago, Nueva Leon, MEXICO, elev. 2,500 ft.. June 22, 1940, H. Hoogstraal. Allotyfc. female.- Same data. In the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey. Xiphocentron hwangi new species Male. Length 7.0 mm. Color dark brown, slightly lighter on the venter, the wings covered with dense, matlike, and very dark hair. General structure as for genus. Hind tibia with apical spur elongate and slender, a fifth as long as tibia. Wings. figs. 1, 2, sharply pointed, the front wings with costa greatly thickened, both wings with the venation differing in several de- tails from that of ine.vico as shown in figs. 1-4. Genitalia, fig. 12, with ninth tergite short, produced on each side into an ovate lobe ; ninth sternite much larger, the apex incised to form a mesal and a pair of lateral processes, fig. 12 A. Tenth tergite Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 membranous. Cercus elongate, the base narrow, the apical portion wide, thin, and rounded at apex, sparsely haired. Clasper with broad base, apical portion forming a flattened, finger-like, slender process bearing a ventral row of long, down- pointed setae ; the mesal margin at base of "finger" bears an oval membranous area on which is situated an irregular circle of stout, black spines, the lateral ones pointed, the mesal ones truncate and forming a peglike comb. Aedeagus with basal portion very long and slender, this joining a crinkly neck area, the apical portion beyond this enlarging and ending in an up- turned sclerotized portion. Internal connecting rods complex. Female. Size 6.5 mm. Similar in color and general struc- ture to male. Hind tibia with two apical spurs, the outer one twice length of inner. Apex of abdomen tubular, as in mexico. Holotypc, male. Tung-lu, CHINA. April. 1926. Mrs. Dora E. Wright. In the collection of the California Academy of Science. Allotypc, female, and 18 J* and 2 J paratypcs. Same data, de- posited in the collections of the California Academy of Science and the Illinois Natural History Survey. The Present Status of the Distribution of Vespa crabro var. germana Christ in North America 1 By Prof. M. W. WING, Department of Zoology and Entomology, North Carolina State College. Raleigh, North Carolina Vespa crabro var. ycnnana Christ, the common hornet of Europe, was introduced into North America in the middle of the nineteenth century. H. de Saussure (Ent. News 9: 145, 1898) reported that it was captured in 1854 in the eastern United States. J. Bequaert (Ent. Amer.. N.S., 12 (2): 86, 1931) reported that T. Angus, in 1871, stated that this hornet had been common in the vicinity of West Farms, New York, for the past 25 years. It seems probable that southeastern New York State is the focal point from which this powerful wasp ha> 1 I wish here to express my thanks to Dr. J. C. Bequaert for his kind- ness in sending me several records and for critically reading the manuscript and suggesting several improvements. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 spread out over a number of the eastern states. In 1931 (J. Bequaert, 1931, loc. cit.) this hornet was well established in Long Island, S.taten Island, southern New York State, northern New Jersey, and southwestern Connecticut. In addition to this area where the wasp was known to he naturalized, specimens had been taken near Philadelphia, in Maryland, and in Delaware. Dr. Bequaert in this paper also called attention to and discussed several published records, which he considered to be open to question. These records are from the following localities : Illi- nois, North and South Carolina, and New Orleans. In 1935. J. Bequaert (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 30 (3) : 120) reported the spread of this species to southeastern Pennsylvania. In addition to this new area of establishment, a J 1 taken at Nor- folk. Virginia, was reported. In 1941, J. Bequaert (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 36 (3) : 111) reported the spread of this species to most of New York State, eastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and the eastern part of West Virginia. Over and above these additions to the area of establishment, trustworthy records of this wasp from Quebec and North Dakota were given. There was, however, no reason to believe that the last two records indicated anything more than accidental importations. This species was taken in North Carolina in 1940 (C. S. Brimley, "Supplement to Insects of North Carolina," 1942). Since that time five additional captures have been made in the state. These additional records, based on specimens which I have examined, are : Guilford Co., Sept. 22, 1944, J. A. Harris, 1 J and 3 ??. Greensboro (Guilford Co.), Early Oct., 1946, D. J. Branie, 1 5 and a portion of the nest. Reidsville (Rock- ingham Co.), Sept. 4, 1947, J. E. Foil, 1 . Carthage (Moore Co.), Sept 11, 1947, E. H. Garrison, 1 $. Mocksville (Davie Co.), Sept. 15, 1947, J. P. Bowles, 2 $$. The note accompany- ing these specimens reads "working in hollow tree busy as a colony of bees." In considering the 1940 North Carolina Record, a single $ taken near the railroad tracks on the State College campus, there appeared to be no reason to believe that this species had Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 become established in the state, for this individual might well have been brought into this area in a box car from a consider- able distance. But when the other five records, two of which are definitely correlated with a nest, are considered, it seems evi- dent that this powerful wasp is now in the process of becom- ing established in the central portions of this state. In the light of the North Carolina records, and on the as- sumption that the presence of this species here was the result of a gradual extension of its range southward. I inferred that this wasp was undoubtedly well established in Virginia. I then wrote Dr. Bequaert requesting any additional records of this species which he might have. He very kindly supplied me with the following records : Fredericksburg. Va. : Dr. Karl V. Krom- bein found this species nesting here in a hollow locust tree. Limeton, Va. : Dr. Bequaert pointed out the paper of Dr. A. H. Clark (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 52: 179. 1939) which I had over- looked ; it reported V . crabro from the above-mentioned locality. Summit Co., Ohio: 1 J 1 taken in June 1934 by L. J. Lipovsky. Dr. Bequaert stated in his letter of July 12, 1948. that Virginia and probably Ohio could now be considered a part of the settled range. He further stated that Quebec, North Dakota. Illinois, South Carolina and New Orleans were still considered by him as doubtful or accidental records. The present established range of \'csf>a crabro covers the fol- lowing states (all of the state or a part of it) : New York. New Jersey, Connecticut. Pennsylvania, Delaware. Maryland. West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio and North Carolina. In my opinion, it would seem highly probable that the wu>p may be found also in eastern Kentucky, western Massachusetts, and southwestern Vermont. In addition to these probable areas of occurrence, it might extend in the not-distant future to north- ern South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, southwestern New Hampshire and possibly Rhode Island. The European hornet typically builds large nests in hollow trees, although other sheltered situations are often utilized, for example, under porches and, in fact, under overhanging roofs of all types. Exceptionally underground cavities are utilized 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I Jan., '49 as a nesting site. In Europe attics and barns are favorite nest- ing locations. The degree of completeness of the envelope en- closing the nest varies with the situation. In the more exposed aerial nests, this outer nest covering is usually complete ; in cavities, nests either completely or partially lack this outer cov- ering envelope. The paper of which the nest is made is very coarse and brittle ; its color is a brownish gray. The longer diagonals of the hexagonal brood cells of a nest in my possession measure about 1 cm. Most of these cells have plugs of dark chocolate brown material in their upper, closed ends. These characteristics make it possible to identify accurately the species in this country from the nest alone. It is hoped that entomologists in the areas outlying the pres- ent distribution of this powerful wasp will be on the watch for it, as only collecting on these constantly moving boundaries will give us an accurate timing of the spread of this hornet. The prediction of J. Bequaert (1941, /or. cit. ) that "no doubt this powerful insect will eventually spread over most of eastern North America" will in all probability be fulfilled, since the range of this species is being constantly extended. The Function of the Spur on the Femur of the Palpus of the Male, Leiobunum calcar (Wood) ( Arachnida : Phalangida) By SHERMAN C. BISHOP, Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. During July and August 1948, I was fortunate i-n being able to study at the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve at Rensselaer- ville. New York, and, taking advantage of an abundance of ma- terials, spent most of the time in observing and collecting phalangids. Leiobunum calcar (Wood) is a common and widely distrib- uted species, the males of which are easily recognized because of the presence, on the femur of the palpus, of a large, ventro- lateral spur. The male palpus is much stouter than that of the female, especially the femur, patella and tibia. The patella is Ix. '49 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11 short, strongly arched above and curved ventrally, the tibia is produced ventrally at the base and curved ventrally on the distal half. The swollen base is armed with short, dark denticles. Because of the shortness of the patella, the spur on the femur may be apposed to the swollen base of the tibia to form an efficient grasping organ. FIG. 1. Lciobutnnn calcar, male (left) and female in mating position. a. Right palpus of male. Pairs of L. calcar may often be seen to mate in the field and when confined continue the practice at frequent intervals. Un- der the binocular microscope the function of the spur is at once evident. \Yhen the male encounters a receptive female, he rushes at her without preliminary courtship and grasps her firmly. The trochanters of the first legs of the female are held between the spurs of the femora and the swollen bases of the tibiae of the male, the curved ventral sides of the patellae of tin- male fitting the mesal sides of the trochanters of the female. The curved, disto-ventral surfaces of the tibiae of the male fit the mesal sides of the trochanters of the second legs of the female and the tarsi of the male are pressed against the coxae of the second legs of the female. The drawings were made by Carolyn Fallen. 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I Jan., '49 On Some Centipeds from Northern Alaska By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN The centipeds reported upon in this paper were taken by Dr. Neal A. Weber in August of 1948. One species, Oabius sp., was taken at Whitehorse. Yukon Territory, Canada, and three others from Northern Alaska on the north front of the Brooks range, which, as Dr. Weber notes, "must be a formidable bar- rier to life coming from the south." The latitude 6820' is near the most northerly limit known for chilopods. Previously reported from localities near or north of the Arc- tic Circle were the following from the vicinity of the Yenesei River in Siberia, recorded by Stuxberg in 1876. 1 Litlwbitts nordenskioldi Stuxberg (7140') Lithobius vagabundus Stuxberg (66 17') Sonib'ms ostiacorum (Stuxberg) (69 15') Nampabius sulcipcs (Stuxberg) (6617') From farther east in Siberia at Pitlekay (674' 49" N. and 17323' 2" W.) on the north shore of the Chukutski peninsula, collectors on the Vega expedition of 1878-79 secured the follow- ing two forms. 2 Monotarsobius crassipes Iwlstii Pocock Monotarsobins tricalcaratns Attems Taken at Nanamo, which is also on the Chukutski Peninsula, was : Arctogeophilus glacial is Attems Family LITHOBIIDAE Genus ESCIMOBIUS new Allied to Oabius in having the median and anterior legs with tarsus uniarticulate. It is set apart from Oabius principally in 1 Stuxberg, Anton. On the Myriopoda from Siberia and Waigatsch Island collected during the Expedition of Prof. Nordenskiold, 1875. Ann. & Mag. of Nat. History, April, 1876. - Attems, Carl Grof Attems. Die Myriopoden der Vega Expedition. Arkiv for Zoologi, 1909, vol. 5, no. 3. Ix, '49 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 having a definite dorsal keel at the distal end of the fifth joint of the penult legs, with the succeeding two joints abruptly and considerably thinner. Fifth article of penult legs lacking a dor- sal spine in the male. Articles of antennae 20. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2. Ocelli few, typically in 2 series. Generotype: Escimobius cryophilus new species. Escimobius cryophilus new species Color of dorsum orange or light chestnut, lighter along mid- dorsal area. Antennae orange and legs yellow. Antennae short, the articles between the second and ultimate especially short ; ultimate article longer than the two preceding taken together. Ocelli 6 in number, in two series ; thus 1 + 2,3. The single ocellus largest, pale, while the others are black. I'rosternal teeth 2 + 2. Ventral spines of first and second legs 0,0,0,1. Ventral spines of penult legs 0,1,3,3,1; dorsal spines 1,0,2,1,0; claws lost from type. Ventral spines of anal legs 0,1,3,2, ( ?), the joints beyond fourth lost from type; dorsal spines 1,0,2,0,0. Coxal pores 2,2,3,3, small and circular. In the male the fifth joint of the penult legs bears at distal end on mesodorsal line a low keel which runs out toward middle of joint. A mutilated female, agreeing in general characters, so far as evident, with the male holotype, has the claw of the genital forceps short, relatively broad and entire ; its basal spines 2 + 2, acutely conical from base to apex. Length, about 6 mm. Locality: ALASKA 68 20' X. lat. and 151 30' W. long. One male taken by Neal A. Weber, August 20, 1948. Arebius integrior new species Dorsum brown with a darker, blackish pigment distributed ir- regularly in a discontinuous median band and along caudal and lateral borders, especially of the more posterior plates. Anten- nae irregularly infuscate. Legs dilute yellow, those of pos- 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 terior region in particular irregularly infuscate, the tarsi a brighter yellow. Antennae short, articles 20. Ocelli in two series, typically 3,4, the single ocellus the most caudal of the upper series but not distinctly set off. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2. Tarsi of all legs distinctly Inarticulate. Ventral spines of first and second legs 0,0,0,0,1; dorsal 0,0,0,1,1. Ventral spines of penult legs 0,1,3,2,(1),1 ; dorsal 0,0,2,1,0. Ventral spines of anal legs 1,0,2,0,0. Claws of anal and penult legs lost. None of coxae laterally armed. Coxal pores small, 3,4,5,5. Claw of genital forceps of the female entire, acute ; basal spines 2 + 2, these relatively short and thick, the outer one of each pair stouter than the inner one, only a short apical part obtusely acuminate. Length of female holotype, 9.5 mm. Locality: ALASKA: 6820' N., 15130' W. Female holotype, with a female paratypc and male allotype which have lost their posterior legs, taken August 26, 1948 (Nos. 2309 and 2319). Differing from other speices of the genus in lacking a lateral spine on coxae of posterior legs and in the reduced number of ventral spines on the anal legs, 0,1,2,0,0 as against from 0,1,3, 2,1 to 0,1,3,3,1 in other species having the claw of the female genital forceps entire. Oabius sp. One adult female 6.2 mm. long was taken at YVhitehorse, Yu- kon Terr., Canada, on August 18, 1948 (N. A. Weber No. 2280). Since all the posterior legs are lost from the specimen it is thought unwise to attempt to refer it to a species. It was taken "under loosely buried wood in sandy soil, with second growth pine beside the airport." Family SCHENDYLIDAE Escaryus paucipes Chamberlin Escaryus paucipes Chamberlin, 1946, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 39:"l79;*3,4. Lx, '49 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 This species was previously known only from the male hole- type which was taken by J. C. Chamherlin in August, 1945, at Haines, Alaska. The female here recorded agrees with the male in having the number of pairs of legs 33 and in all other essential features. The cephalic plate, however, differs somewhat in hav- ing the sides beyond the caudal third nearly straight or slightly concave instead of more evenly convex. Locality: ALASKA: 6820'N., 15130' W. One male taken August 30, 1948. by Neal A. Weber (No. 2317). Haunts and Habits of the Dragonfly Oplonaeschna armata By ERNEST R. TINKHAM, Box 123, Indio, California j We present here, with the author's permission, some field obser- vations of an interesting dragonfly from the canyons of south- eastern Arizona; also an account of a successful shipment of two of its nymphs for a long distance without water. These are extracts from three letters written by Dr. Tinkham to Dr. James G. Needham of Cornell University, to whom the living nymphs were sent. The first letter was written in reply to in- quiries concerning Oplonaeschna. I'enson. Arizona, October 16th, 1V47. On June 14th, 1940, I found two larvae (naiads) of Oplo- naeschna armata clinging to the under side of a water-logged piece of bark. These were the only ones found. The canyon pools are at the upper edge of what I call the Live Oak Zone of the Upper Sonoran. These pools are formed below big rock boulders and are usually lined with fallen leaves. Some pool- are several feet deep and are fed with running water. After finding the naiads I still had to find a way to transport them safely across the hot desert to Tucson. Years previously in the Big Bend Region of Trans-Pecos Texas I had learned 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 that water in jars soon heats up and kills the specimens. By 1940 I had conceived a new idea (which may have been used before) : I carried them from the Canyon to my car in a wet hankerchief, and transferred them to a waterbag with cool water. They were still in cool water when I reached Tucson the follow- ing night. I put a one or two short twigs about 5-6 inches long in the bag to brace the side walls apart, and some days later my two naiads transformed perfectly to adults. I have used this method to transport frogs and fish on the desert, with equal success. Tucson, Arizona, July 22nd, 1948. Two days ago I got off for the Huachucas, fortunately, just on the eve of our rainy season. You will be pleased to learn that I have obtained six or seven naiads of Oplonaeschna from the upper end of Ramsay Canyon. I used a Chinese wire rake for raking the leaves out of the small pools. On the whole, Oplo- naeschnas were very rare. With the exception of finding one larva under a big flat rock at the mouth of a pool, all were taken in small pools that were almost dried up. In one almost dry pool two naiads were clinging to a rock at the mouth end, not near any water. There was a basinful of water in the deep part of the pool but no Oplonaeschna naiads were there ; there were many Cordulegasters J there. In another completely dried up pool I found three Oplonaeschnas in a mass of leaves at the mouth of the pool where leaves had collected. I believe that these naiads can remain in such places and undergo desiccation for some time. The naiads play opossum by curling up. I took two photos of this pose. I am air-mailing to you a pint cardboard carton with two live naiads in it, placed in damp leaves that I took from the pool. I hope they may reach you alive.* * The two were very much alive on arrival in Ithaca. When I opened the carton on my desk one fell out, ran over the edge and fell into my wastebasket, where I had to chase it around among scraps of loose paper to get it again. J. G. N. t Cordulcgtistcr iliadcniu. Ix, '49J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17 Indio, California, December 5, 1948. On July 26, 1948, I took off on my expedition to the Great Basin Desert. On the front of my army carry-all hung a desert water bag containing two living half-grown naiads of Oplo- nacschna annata. I took these along with me in hopes that one or both might mature and emerge during my study trip. Be- tween July 26 and August 22, I travelled 3,100 miles through the deserts of southeastern Utah, Great Salt Lake Basin northwest of Great Salt Lake, northern Nevada, and back to Tucson ; and the naiads were as lively at the end of the ardous journey as at the commencement a month before. During this period they had no food. Unfortunately on September 11-12 I had to make a bus trip to southern California and upon my return discovered that the water bag had dried out from lack of attention and my two Oplonacschna naiads were dead and desiccated. On several other occasions the water was gone in the bag but the naiads survived but this time the bag dried out completely and they perished. However these facts show that they are unusually well adapted to the vicissitudes of life in the wooded canyons of southeastern Arizona. There almost any summer they must hide amongst the clumps of damp leaves in drying out pools awaiting the summer rains that will send water running down again. New Ant Hosts of the Fungus, Laboulbenia formicarum Thaxter M. R. Smith (Proc. But. Soc. Wash., vol. 48. 1946: 29-31) published a list of 18 different forms of ants known to be hosts of Laboulbenia formicarum Thaxter in the United States. I have seen the fungus on two additional forms, namely Lasius nigcr var. sitkaensis Pergande (all castes, collected at Logan. Utah by G. F. Knowlton) and Formica parcipappa Cole (col- lected at Nampa. Idaho by the writer). A. C. COLE. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Universitv of Tennessee. Knoxville 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY RAYMOND Q. BLISS AND R. G. SCHMIEDER. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the year 1948 unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For other records of general literature and for economic literature see the Bibliography of Agriculture, Washington, and the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on medical entomology- see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The ngures within brackets L j refer to the journal in which the paper ap peared. as numbered in the List of periodicals and serials published in our January and June issues. The number of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k 1 ) ; papers pertaining exclusively to Neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL Anon. Obituaries : Benjamin G. Pratt. [34] 41:840-41. Arthur Gordon Ruggles. Ibid.: 841-42. Ait- ken, T. H. G. Recovery of Anbpheline eggs from natural habitats, an aid to rapid survey work. [5] 41 : 327-29. At- kins, E. L., Jr. Mimicry between the drone-fly, Eristalis tenax, and the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Its significance in ancient mythology and present-day thought. [5] 41: 387-92. Arthur, D, R, Some aspects of the ecology of the tick, Ixodes ricinus L., in Wales. [19] 39: 321-37.' Cross, H. F. Use of powders on clothing for protection against chiggers. [37] 41 : 731-34. Eichler, W. Evolutionsfragen der Wirtsspezifitat. [Biol. Zentralbl.] 67: 373-406. Es- sig, E. O. Insect surveys in relation to quarantine and control of insect pests. [37] 41 : 673-77. Finney, G. L. Culturing Chrysopa californica and obtaining eggs for field distribution. '[37] 41: 719-21. Hafez, M. A simple method for breeding the house-fly Musca domestica in the laboratory. [19] 39: 385-86. Hartzell, F. Z. Obituary : Hugh Glasgow. [34] 41 : 837-38. Samuel Willard Ha'r- man. Ibid.: 838-39. Jucci, C. Francesco Pio Pomini (1915-1941) (Obituary). [Sci., Genetica, Torino, Italy] 2: 103-07, 1942. Kennedy, C. H. Myrmecological technique. III. DDT too perfect an ant killer for the collectors' use. [58] 48: 248-49. Knowlton and Nye Insect food of the vesper sparrow. [37] 41: 821. Linduska and Morton- Tests of the permeability of fabrics to biting by mosquitoes. [37] 41 : 788-94. Osborn, H. Recent insect invasions of Ohio. [Ohio Biol. Surv.] Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 357-58. Phil- Lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19 lips, M. E. A brief history of Academy ( Xat. Sci. Phila.) publications. [62] C: i-xl. Satterthwait, A. F. Impor- tant sunflower insects and their insect enemies. [37] 41 : 725-31. Schwanwitsch, B. N. Evolution of the wing-pat- tern in Palaearctic Sytyridae. IV. Polymorphic radiation and parallelism. |Acta Zool.] 29: 1-61. Smith, R. C.- The doctor's degree. [34| 41: 843-45. Steiner, H. Die Bindung der Hochmoorlibelle Leucorrhinia dubia an ihren Biotop. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. System.] 78: 65-96. Swezey, O. H. Insect invaders in Hawaii during and since World War II. [37] 41 : 669-72. Timofeeff-Ressowsky, N. W.- Sulla questione dell'isolamento territoriale entro popolazi- oni specifiche. | Sci. Genetica] 1 : 76-85, 1939. Genetica ed evoluzione. Ibid.: 278-81. Sulla questione dell'isolamento biologico entro popolazioni specifiche. Ibid.: 317-25. Voert, G. B. Dermestes and Saprinus as predators and pests in fleshfly rearing. [37] 41 : 826-27. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Bateman, A. J. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. [Heredity] 2 : 349-68. Beament, J. W. L. The penetration of the i'n- sect egg-shells. I. Penetration of the chorion of Rhodnius prolixus. [19] 39: 359-83. Becker, G. Uber Kastenbil- dung und Umwelteinfluss bei Termiten. [Biol.. Zentralbl.j 67: 407-44. Bick, G. H. Resistance of Culex quinquefas- ciatus larvae and pupa to experimental drought. |5] 41: 360-68. Blumel and Kirby Amino acid constituents of tissue and isolated chromosomes of Drosophila. [ 67 1 34: 561-66. Bonnemaison, L. Determination du stade auquel se produit de declenchement de la diapause chez un hemip- tere : Eurydema ornatum L. [C. R. Acad. Sci.. Paris] 227: 1054-54. Remarques sur la diapause chez un hemiptere: Eurydema ornatum. Ibid.: 985-86. Broadbent, L. Aphis migration and the efficiency of the trapping method. |4| 35 : 379-94. Bruce, W. N. Studies on the biological re- quirements of the cat flea. [5] 41 : 346-52. Browning, H. C., F. C. Fraser, S. K. Shapiro, I. Glickman and M. Dubrule -The biological activity of DDT and related compounds. [24] 26: 282-300. Browning, H. C., S. K. Shapiro and M. Dubrule The insecticidal activity of DDT and related com- pounds. |24| 26: 301-06. Bucher, G. E. The anatomy of Monodontomerus dentipes, an entomophagus chalcid. |24| 26: 230-81, ill. Buzzati-Traverso, A. Genetica di popolazi- oni in Drosophila. I. II, III. [Sci.. Genetica | 2: 190-251. 1942. Cavalconti, A. G. L. Geographic variation of chro- mosome structure in Drosophila prosaltans. [Genetics] 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 33 : 529-36. Coleman, L. C. The cytology of some west- ern species of Trimerotropis (Acrid.). [Genetics] 33: 519- 28. Dakshinamurty, S. The common house-fly, Musca domestica, and its behaviour to temperature and humidity. [ 19] 39 : 339-57, ill. Davenport, D. Studies in the pharma- cology of the heart of the orthopteron, Stenopelmatus. [Physiol., Zool.] 22: 35-44. Deboutteville, D. C. Recher- ches sur les Collemboles termitophiles et myrmecophiles. [Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gen.. Notes et Rev.] 85 : 261-425 (k*). Delamare-Debouteville, C. Sur la morphologic des adultes apteres et ailes cle Zorapteres. [Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.] 9: 145-54. ill., 1947. De Santis, L. Phoresy. (See under Hymenoptera.) Dobzhansky, T. Genetics of natural pop- ulations. XVIII. Experiments on chromosomes of Dro- sophila pseudoobscura from different geographic regions. [Genetics] 33: 588-602. Dobzhansky and Levene Genet- ics of natural populations. XVII. Proof of operation of natural selection in wild populations of Drosophila pseudo- obscura. [Genetics] 33: 537-47. Duewell, H., J. P. E. Human, A. W. Johnson, S. F. MacDonald and A. R. Todd- Colouring matters of the Aphididae. [53] 162: 759-61. Emmel und Jakob -Uber den Feinbau einiger Schuppen von Culiciden. [Zool. Jahrb.. Abt. Anat.] 69 : 435-42. Frings, H., E. Goldberg and J. C. Arentzen Antibacterial action of the blood of the large milkweed bug (Oncopeltis). [80| 108: 689-90. Frizzi, G. Cromosomi salivari in Anopheles maculipennis. | Sci., Genetica] 3 : 67-79, 1947. Determi- nazione del sesso nel genere Anopheles. Ibid.: 80-88. Hirschler, J. Gesetzmassigkeiten in den Ei-Nahrzellen- verbanden. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Physiol.] 61: 141-236 & PI. 7 & 8, 1945. Jucci, C. Possibilita di genetica di popo- lazioni in Anopheles. [Sci., Genetica] 3: 1-13, 1947. Kastner, A. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Thely- phonus caudatus (Pedipalpi). 1 Teil. Die Ausbildung der Korperform. |Zool. Jahrb.. Abt. Anat.] 69: 493-506. Langford and Cory -Host preference in Japanese beetles with special reference to grape and apple. |37] 41 : 82324. Leclercq, J. Enquete parasitologique sur le ver de farine, Tenebrio molitor. [Lambillionea] 1948: 52-58. L'Heri- tier, Ph. Sensitivity to CCX in Drosophila A review. [Heredity] 2 : 325-48. Malogolowkin, C. Sobre a genitalia dos Drosofilideos. II. D. ananassae. [Summa Brazilien- sis Biol.] 1: 429-57, ill. Manunta, C. Permeabilita dif- ferenziale alle xantofille di origine alimentare in varie razze di Bombyx mori. [Sci. Genetica] 1: 103-22, 1939. Sul metabolismo dell'azoto in Phylosamia ricini razza a "pelle Ix, '49 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 transparente." Ibid.: 2: 252-72, 1942. Sul metabolismo del pigmenti carotenoicli in Phylosomia ricini, nutrita a ricino eel a ailanto, cli razza a "pelle transparente." Ibid.: 273-79. Comportamento differenziale, nel metabolismo dei pigmanti, di varie razze ed incrocibianchi recessivi, bianchi dominant! e gialli cli Bombyx mori. Ibid.: 3: 33-42, 1947. Xuovo contribute allo studio del bianco dominant! nel bachi da seta. Ibid.: 43-47. Sul metabolismo dell'azoto nelle varie razza di bachi da seta. Ibid.: 48-55. Sul metab- olismo dell'azoto nelle varie razze di bachi da seta. Ibid.: 56-66. Marchionatto, J. B. Nota sobre algunos hongo- sentomogenos (parasitic fungi). [Inst. Sanid. Veg., Ar- gentina] 1 (8) : 3-9. ill., 1945. Marcuzzi, G. Gametogenesi e struttura istologica della gonade in Chironomus thummi. fActa Zool.] 29: 107-37. Matthey, R. Ouelques formulas cbromosomiales (Ephippigera vitium, Tettigon.). [Sci. Geneticaj 23-32, 1947. Narayanan, E. S., T. V. Venkatra- man and G. C. Gupta Studies in experimental insect parasi- tism, superparasitism (Bracon (microbracon) gelechiae). | Current Science, Bangalore] 17: 269-70. Notley, F. B. The Leucoptera leaf miners of coffee on Kilimanjaro. I. Leucoptera coffeella. [19] 39: 399^16. Pardi, L.- Ricerche sui Polistini. 8. La spermatogenesi di Polistes gallicus e di P. omissus. [Sci., Genetica] 3: 14-22, 1947. Parker, A. H. Stimuli involved in the attraction of Aedes aegypti to man. [19] 39: 38797. Pflugfelder, O. Ent- wicklung von Paraperipatus amboinensis n. sp. |Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat.] 69: 443-92. Philip, C. B. Observa- tions on experimental O fever. [46] 34: 457-64. Plough, Ives and Chila Frequenza di mutazioni autosomiche letali in Drosophila e composizione genetica di popolazioni sel- vatiche. [Sci., Genetica] 1: 247-54. 1939. Ravoux, P. Observations sur l'anamorphose de Scutigerella immaculata. [Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gen., Notes et Rev.] 85: 189-98. Roeder and Weiant The effects of DDT on sensory and motor structures in the cockroach leg. [105] 32: 17586. Roehrich, R. Sur 1'absence de diapause embryonnaire chez certains individus de Locusta migratoria dans les Landes de Goscogne. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 227: 1116- 17. Rose, M., J. Savornin et J. Casanova Sur remission d'ondes ultra-sonores par les Abeilles domestiques. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 227: 912-13. Schlottke, E. Uber die Verdauungsfermente im Holz fressender Kaferlarven. [Zool. Jahrb.. Abt. Physiol.] 61 : 88-140, 1945. Sellier, R.- Le polymorphisme alaire chez les Orthopteroides. | Bull. Soc. Sci.. Bretagne] 22: 95-112. ill.. 1947. L'evolution 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '49 morphologique de Locusta migratoria L. dans la regior armoricaine. [Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gen., Notes et Rev.] 85: 199-207. Smith and Summers Propagation of the oriental fruit moth under central California conditions. [Hilgardia] 18: 369-87. Stalker and Carson An altitudi- nal transect of Drosophila robusta. [100] 2: 295-305. Taylor, Mulrennan and Thurman Species of ticks associ- ated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever cases in Florida. [37] 41: 809-11. Vandel, A. La determination du sexe chez les animaux du type Abraxas. [Sci. Genetica. Torino, Italy.] 1 : 7-15, 1939. "Whiting, A. R. Incidence and origin of androgenetic males in X-rayed Habrobracon eggs. [12] 95 : 354-60. Wright, S. On the roles of directed and ran- dom changes in gene frequency in the genetics of popula- tions. [100] 2: 279-94. Yeager and Munson A ratio hy- pothesis pertaining to the biological action of poisons and drugs. [5] 41: 377-83. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Alvarez, J. M. V. Sarcoptoidea Megninia velata encontrado en la Repub- lica Dominicana. [Agricultura Rep. Dominicana] 39: 14- 15. Arthur, D. R. (See under General.) Brennan, J. M. New North American chiggers (Acarina, Trombicul. ). [46] 34: 465-78. Broekhuysen, G. J. The behavior and the life history of a Javanese spider. Thomisus sp. [lour. Ent. Soc. So. Africa, Pretoria] 9: 135-63, ill. Cutright, C. R. The European red mite (in Ohio). [Ohio Biol. Surv. ] Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 377-38. Exline, H. Morphology, habits and systematic position of Allepeira lemniscata. [5] 41 : 309-25 (*). Kastner, A. (See under Anatomy.) Mc- Gregor, E. A. Classification, food plants and distribution of the spider mites (Acarina, Tetranych.). [37] 41: 684- 87. Pflugfelder, O. (See under Anatomy.) Philip, C. B. -(See under Anatomy.) Pratt and McCauley Two in- teresting tick records from Georgia. [37] 41 : 832. Ravoux, P. (See under Anatomy.) Strandtmann, R. W. -The mesostigmatic nasal mites of birds. I. Two new genera from shore and marsh birds. [46] 34: 505-14. Taylor, Mulrennan and Thurman (See under Anatomy.) SMALLER ORDERS Becker, G. (See under Anat- omy.) Bromley, J. W. (See under Diptera.) Bruce, W. N. (See under Anatomy.) Deboutteville, D. C. Col- lembola. (See under Anatomy.) Delamare-Debouteville, C. Zoraptera. (See under Anatomy.) Denning, D. G. species of Trichoptera. [5] 41 :" 397-401. Eichler, W. Mallophagan synopsis XVIII. Genus Falcophilus. Ix, '49 1 I.XTOMOLOGICAL XE\\ S 23 [30] 81: 251-53, ill. (Also sec under General.) Finney, G. L. (See under General.) Mills, H. B. New North American Tomocerinae (Collembola). [5] 41 : 353-59 (k*). Ross, E. S. The Embioptera of New Guinea. [60] 24: 96-1 16. Verrier, M.-L. La vitesse du courant et la reparti- tion des larves d'fiphemores. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris | 227: 1056-57. ORTHOPTERA Coleman, L. C. (See tinder Anat- omy.) Davenport, D. (See under Anatomy.,) Matthey, R. (See under Anatomy.) Roehrich, R. (See under Anatomy.) Roeder and Weiant (See under Anatomy. ) Sellier, R. (See under Anatomy.) HEMIPTERA Beament, J. W. L. (See under Anat- omy.) Bonnemaison, L. (See under Anatomy.) Bork- hsenius, N. S. Notes on Pseudococcus comstocki and some allied species (Cocco.), with descriptions of three new spe- cies. [19] 39: 417-21 (k). Broadbent, L. (See under Anatomy.) Outright, C. R. Com stock's mealybug (in Ohio). Pseudococcus comstocki. [Ohio P>iol. Surv.] Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 375-76. DeLong and Hershberger A new genus, Dampfiana, and new species of leafhopper related to Stoneana (Cicadell.). [65] 50: 229-30. DeLong and Severin Characters, distribution, and food plants of leaf- hopper species in Thamnotettix group. [Hilgardia] 18: 185 99 (*). Duewell et al. (See under Anatomy.) Frings et al. (See under Anatomy.) Kitzmiller, J. B. Notes on the life cycle of the Chrysanthemum aphid, Macrosiphum sanborni. [5] 41: 393-96. Kornilev, N. A. Una especie nueva de la familia Elasmodermidae de Republica Argentina (Reduviid). [Rev. Soc. Ent. Argent.] 14: 141-47/ Lam- bers, D. H. R. Contribution to a monograph of the Aphidi- dae of Europe. III. [Temminckia, Leiden] 7: 179-320. 1947. LaRivers, I. A new species of Pelocoris from Ne- vada, with notes on the genus in the United States (Nau- cor.). [5] 41 : 371-76 (k). Miller, N. C. E. New genera and species of Reduviidae from the Philippines, Celel >..- and Malaysia. [88] 99: 411-73. ill. Smith, C. F. A new aphid on devil shoe string. [5| 41 : 384-86. Smith, J. D.- Symbiotic micro-organisms, aphids and fixation of atmos- pheric nitrogen. |53] 162: 930-31. LEPIDOPTERA Blackburn, N. D. The oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (in Ohio). ( )hio Biol. Surv. Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 368-74. Bourquin, F. Xotas sobre la metamorphosis de Chloropteryx munda (Geometr.). [Rev. Soc. Ent. Argent.] 14: 137-40. ill. Hinton, H. E. Sound 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 production in lepidopterous pupae. [30] 81 : 254-69, ill. Manunta, C. (See under Anatomy.) Neiswander, C. R. -The European corn-borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (in Ohio). [Ohio Biol. Surv.] Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 361-67. Tomato pin- worm (in Ohio). Ibid.: 381-82. Notley, F. B. (See under Anatomy.) Schwanwitsch, B. N. (See under Gen- eral.) Smith and Summers (See under Anatomy.) Tox- opeus, L. J. Notes on Lymantriidae, with a partial revision of the genus Redoa Wlk. [Treubia, Buitenzorg] 19: 429- 81. Wright, S. (See under Anatomy.) DIPTERA Aitken, T. H. G. (See under General.) Atkins, E. L., Jr. (See under General.) Bateman, A. J. (See under Anatomy.) Bick, G. H. (See under Anat- omy.) Bohart, R. M. The subgenus Neoculex in America north of Mexico. [5] 41: 330-45 (k*). Bromley, J. W.- Insect predators of mosquitoes. [65] 50:235-38. Buzzati- Traverso, A. (See under Anatomy.) Cavalconti, A. G. L. (See under Anatomy.) Dakshinamurty, S. (See un- der Anatomy.) Dobzriansky, T. (See under Anatomy.) Dobzhansky and Levene (See under Anatomy.) Emmel und Jakob (See under Anatomy.) Frizzi, G. (See under Anatomy.) Hafez, M. (See under General.) Jucci, C. (See under Anatomy.) Kessel, E. L. Australian sod fly introduced into California (Stratiomy.). |80] 108: 607. L'Heritier, Ph. (See under Anatomy.) Malogolowkin, C. (See under Anatomy.) Marcuzzi, G. (See under Anatomy.) Munro and Post (See under Coleoptera.) Parker, A. H. (See under Anatomy.) Penn, G. H. Bio- logical notes on "dry season" mosquitoes from Caminawit Point, Mindoro, P. I." |65] 50: 241-48. Philip, C. B. (See under Anatomy.) Sabrosky, C. W. The identity of "Sar- cophaga vericauda Coquillett" (Sarcophag.). [65] 50: 248. Stalker and Carson (See under Anatomy.) Vogt, G. B. (See under General.) COLEOPTERA Arnett, R. H., Jr. 1948 list of de- terminers and revisors and exchange notices. [Coleopt., Bull.] 2: 94-103. List of names and addresses published in Vols., I & II. Ibid.: 103-06. Bucher, G. E. (See under Anatomy.) Doucette, C. F. Field parasitization and lar- val mortality of the cabbage seed pod weevil. [ 37 1 41: 763-65. Green, J. W. Two new species of Lampyridae from southern Florida, with a generic revision of the nearc- tic fauna. |83J 74: 61-73. New eastern American species of Podabrus II (Canthar.). Ibid.: 75-82. Howard, N. F.- The Mexican bean beetle in Ohio. | Ohio Biol. Surv.] Bull. lx, '49J KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 40 (vol. 7) : 359-60. Janssens, A. Contribution a 1'etude des Coleopteres lamellicornes de la faune Beige. I. Table de determination generique des larves. [Bull. Mus. Royal d'Hist Nat. Belg.] 23 (6) : 1-14, ill., 1947. XII. Contribu- tion a 1'etude des Coleopteres Lamellicornes coprophages. Ibid.: 23 (5) : 1-6, ill. XI. Table synoptique et essai de classification practique des Scarabaeidae Laparosticti. Ibid.: 22 (12): 1-13 (k). 1946. Langford and Cory (See under Anatomy.) Leclercq, J. (See under Anatomy.) Munro and Post Parasites to aid in the control of the sweet clover weevil. [80] 108: 609. d'Orchymont, A. Xotes on some American Berosus (s. Str.) (Hydophil.). [Bull. Mus. Roy. d'Hist. Nat. Belg.] 22 (13): 1-19. ill (*), 1946. Hydorscapha et Limnebius. Notes complementaires (Hy- droscaphid.). Ibid.: 22 ( 14) : 1-4, ill., 1946. Parks, T. H.- Sweet clover weevil (in Ohio). [Ohio Biol. Surv.] Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 378-80. Polivka, J. B. The Japanese beetle in Ohio. | Ohio Biol. Surv.] Bull. 40 (vol. 7) : 383-85. Rees, B. E. The larva of Catana clauseni Chapin, and its com- parison with the larva of Delphastus pusillus (Lee.) (Coc- cinell.). [65] 50: 231-34. Robert, F. A. Un nouveau para- site des herbiers (Thylodrias contractus Mots.) (Dermest.) [55] 75: 185-86. Robinson, M. A review of the species of Canthon inhabiting the United States. [83] 74: 83-100 (k*). Satterthwait, A. F. A supplement to "Key to known pupa of the genus Calendra. with host-plant and distribu- tion notes." [5] 41 : 369-70. Schlottke, E. (See under Anatomy.) Vogt, G. B. (See under General.) HYMENOPTERA Atkins, E. L., Jr. (See under Gen- eral.) Bromley, J. W. (See under Diptera.) Brown, W. L., Jr. A preliminary generic revision of the higher Dacetini (Formic.). [83]' 74: 101-29 (k*). De Santis, L. Un caso interesante de foresia (Grassator viator. Chal- cid.: Entedonticl.). [Notas Mus. de la Plata] 13: 129-35, ill. (S*). Doucette, C. F. (See under Coleoptera.) Ken- nedy, C. H. (See under General.) Lyle and Fortune Xotes on an imported fire ant. [ 37 1 41 : 833-34. Munro and Post (Sec under Coleoptera.) Narayanan et al. (See under Anatomy.) Pardi, L. (See under Anatomy.) Rau, P. A note on the nesting habits of the was]), I Yin phredon inornatus. |5| 41: 326. Smith, M. R. A new species of Myrmecine from California (Formic.). | n5 1 50: 238-40 (k"). Whiting, A. R. (See under Anatomy.) NOTICE. The December 1948 issue of KXTOMOUK.K .u. XKWS \vas mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., on February 17, 1949. 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '49 List of Titles of Publications Referred to by Numbers in Entomological Literature in Entomological News. 1. American Midland Naturalist. Notre Dame, Indiana. 2. American Museum Novitates. New York, N. Y. 3. American Naturalist. Garrison-on-Hudson, New York. 4. Annals of Applied Biology. London. 5. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Columbus, Ohio. 6. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London. 7. Annales Academia Brasileira Sciencias. Rio de Janeiro. 8. Anales del Institute de Biologia Mexico. Mexico City. 9. Anatomical Record. Philadelphia. 10. Arkiv for Zoologie. K. Svenska Vetenkapsakademien i. Stockholm. 11. Arquivos de Higiene e Saude Publica. Sao Paulo. 12. Biological Bulletin. Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 13. Bios, Rivista Biol. Geneva. 14. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana. Caracas. 15. Boletin del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado." Lima, Peru 16. Boletin do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Brasil. 17. Bull. Acad. Sci. (Izvestia Akad. nauk) U S S R (S. biol.). 18. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. New York. 19. Bulletin of Entomological Research. London. 20. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass. 21. Bulletin of the Southern California Acad. of Sciences. Los Angeles. 22. C. r. Acad. Sci. (Doklady Akad. nauk) USSR. Leningrad. 23. Canadian Entomologist. Guelph, Canada. 24. Canadian Journal of Research. Ottawa, Canada. 25. Ecological Monographs. Durham, North Carolina. 26. Ecology. Durham, North Carolina. 27. Entomologica Americana. Brooklyn Ent. Society, New York. 28. Entomological Monthly Magazine. London. 29. Entomological Record and Journal of Variations. London. 30. The Entomologist. London. 31. Florida Entomologist. Gainesville, Florida. 32. Frontiers. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 33. Great Basin Naturalist. Provo, Utah. 34. Iowa State College Journal of Science. Ames, Iowa. 35. Journal of Agricultural Research. Washington, D. C. 36. Journal of Animal Ecology. London. 37. Journal of Economic Entomology. Geneva, New York. 38. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Science Society. Chapel Hill, N. C. 39. Journal of Entomology and Zoology. Claremont, California. 40. Journal of Experimental Biology. London. 41. Journal of Experimental Zoology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 42. Journal of Heredity. Baltimore, Maryland. 43. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Lawrence, Kansas. 44. Journal of Morphology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 45. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. New York. 46. Journal of Parasitology. New York. 47. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Sciences. Nashville, Tenn. 48. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C. 49. Memorias do Institute Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. 50. Microentomology. Stanford University, California. 51. The Microscope and Entomological Monthly. London. 52. Mosquito News. Albany, New York. 53. Nature. London. 54. Nature. Washington, D. C. 55. La Naturaliste Canadien. Quebec. 56. Natural History. New York. '49 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 57. Occasional Papers, Mus. of Zool., Univ. of Michigan. Ann Arbor. 58. Ohio Journal of Science. Columbus, Ohio. 59. Opinions and Declarations. Intern. Com. Zool. Nomencl. London. 60. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. San Francisco, California. 61. Parasitology. London. 62. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia. 63 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, D. C. 64. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science. San Francisco 65. Proceedings of the Entom. Soc. of Washington. Washington, D. C 66. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Honolulu. 67. Proceedings of the National Acad. of Sciences. Washington, D. C. 68. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Ser. A. 69. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Ser. B. 70. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Ser. C. 71. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. Washington, D. C. 72. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. London. 73. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. Boston, Massachusetts. 74. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. London. 75. Quarterly Review of Biology. Baltimore, Maryland. 76. Revista Academia Columbiana de Cien Exact. Fis. y Nat. Bogota. 77. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. Valparaiso, Chile. 78. Revista Institute Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales. Mexico. 79. Revista Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. Mexico City. 80. Science. Washington, D. C. SI. Scientific Monthly. New York. 82. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington, D. C. 83. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia. 84. Transactions of the Amer. Micros. Soc. Menasha, Wisconsin. 85. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Sciences. Springfield. 86. Transactions of the Kansas Acad. of Sci. Manhattan, Kansas. 87. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute. Toronto. 88. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society. London. 89. U. S. Dept. of Agric., Farmer's Bulletins. Washington, D. C. 90. U. S. Dept. of Agric., Technical Bulletins. Washington, D. C. 91. University of California Publications in Entomology. Berkeley. 92. University of California Publications in Zoology. Berkeley. 93. University of Kansas, Science Bulletins. Lawrence. Kansas. 94. Ward's Natural Science Bulletin. Rochester, New York. 95. Zoologica. New York. 96. American Journal of Public Health. Boston. 97. American Journal of Tropical Medicine. Baltimore. 98. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. Liverpool. 99. Canadian Journal of Research. Section E. Medical Sciences, Ottawa. 100. Evolution. New York. 101. Mitteilungen der schweitzerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, Bern. 102. Revue de Entomologie. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 103. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 104. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas. Mexico. 105. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology. Philadelphia. 106. Redia. Florence, Italy. 107. Annalcs de la Societe Entomologique de France. Paris. 108. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France. Paris. 109. Notulae Xaturae. Philadelphia. 110. L'Entomologiste. Paris. 111. Revista Brasiliera de Biologic. Rio de Jam-in >. 112. Eos, Revista Espanola de Entomologia. Madrid. 113. Minist. de Agri. de la Xacion, Inst. Sanidad Vegetal. P.uuios \ires. JEXCHATSTGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not fot advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Meliponidae Wanted, information on the bionomics, culture, and economic importance of the stingless bees, particularly of the Old World. P. Nogueira Neto, Av Cicade Jardim 170, S. Paulo, Brasil. Wasps (Vespoidea, Sphecoidea, Chrysidoidea) of the world by ex- change or purchase. Will collect other orders in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N.W., Washington 11, D. C. Lepidoptera Large quantities of Plexippus, Colias, Cardui, Vanil- lae wanted for cash or exchange for tropical butterflies. G. Mac- Bean, 710 Miller Rd., Sea Island, Vancouver, B. C. Ants of the tribe Dacetini (Strumigenys, Rhopalothrix and related genera) \yanted for world revision. W. L. Brown, Jr., Harvard Uni- versity Biological Laboratories, Cambridge 38, Mass. Mallophaga (on which immediate determination is not necessary) wanted for study and determination. R. L. Edwards, Dept. Biology. Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. Tingidae (Heteroptera) of the world wanted, in alcohol, with host and other ecological data. Will collect other orders in exchange. N. S. Bailey, 16 Neponset Ave., Hyde Park 36, Mass. Bombidae, nearctic and neotropical, wanted for exchange, identi- fication, or purchase. Will exchange in other groups for bumblebees. Earth Maina, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111. Saturnidae of the world. Will purchase individual specimens or cocoons. F. E. Rutkowski, St. Bede College, Peru, Illinois, U. S. A. Butterflies of New England, principally from New Haven, Conn., for exchange. Louis Clarke, 28 W. Elm St., New Haven 15, Conn. Wanted Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vols. 1-6; Proc. Cal. Acad. (Nat.) Sci., 1-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1-20; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1-10; Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1-5; Psyche, 11, 13, 15; Ent. Amer. n.s., 7-26. C. F. dos Passes, Mendham, N. J. W. S. Blatchley Books for Sale Rhyncophora of N. E. America, 1916, 682 pp.. Paper $4.00 Orthoptera of N. E. America, 1920, 784 ;>p.. Paper 5.00 Heteroptera of E. N. America. 1926, 1116 pp.. Cloth 10.00 Coleoptera of Indiana, when available 50.00 Address Librarian, Blatchley Nature Study Club, Noblesville, Indiana. WARD'S Supplies Living Cultures of Insects for Insecticide Tests WARD'S is in a position to supply the en- tomologist with living cultures of insects for insecticide and other experimental tests. Write today for the free lists of available material. Make WARD'S your entomological head- quarters. U/ A DIVC If fill II Natural Science Establishment, Inc. <****? ttie HatusuU Science*. Since. 1863. 3000 Ridge Road East Rochester 9, New York Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and'Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3. Pa.. U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1138. Cresson (E. T., Jr.) A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the neotropical Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Notiphilinae (73: 35-61, 1947) $ .90 1142. A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the Ethiopian Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Noti- philinae (73: 105-124, 1947) 50 HYMENOPTERA 1137. Pate (V. S. L.) The Pemphilidine wasps of the Caribbees (73: 1-33, 1 pi., 1947) 85 COLEOPTERA 1145. Dillon (L. S. & E. S.) The tribe Dorcaschematini (Coleop- tera: Cerambycidae) (73: 173-298, 6 pis., 1947) 3.45 1139. Green (J. W.) New Eastern Amer. sp. of Podabrus (73: 63-76, figs., 1947) 35 1144. Robinson (M.) Two new spp. of Scarabaeidae (73: 169- 171, 1947) 20 1146. A review of the genus Phanaeus inhabiting the United States (73: 299-305, 1947) 20 LEPIDOPTERA 1141. Darlington (E. P.) Notes on certain types of Lepidoptera described by Brackenridge Clemens (73: 85-104, 1947) ... .50 1140. Williams (J. L.) The anatomy of the internal genitalia of Fumea Casta Pallas (73: 77-84, figs., 1947) 20 TRICHOPTERA 1143. Ross (H. H.) Descriptions and records of No. Amer. Tri- choptera, with synoptic notes (73: 125-168, 7 pis., 1947) .. 1.40 ODONATA 1147. Needham (J. G.) Studies on the No. Amer. spp. of the genus Gomphus (Odonata) (73: 307-339, fig., 1 pi., 1947) 85 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FEBRUARY 1949 Vol. LX No. 2 DIV. IKS. U.S. KATL. CONTENTS Alexander. G. Frederick B Isley (1873-1947) 29 Wallace European chalcid in North America 30 Hull New species of Volucella 31 Alexander, C. P. Western crane-flies. Part XI 39 Obituary A. D. Imms 45 Current Entomological Literature 46 Reviews Catalogue of the Odonata of Canada, etc 53 Coleoptera east of the great plains 54 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $4.00 domestic; $4.30 foreign; $4.15 Canada. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, embodied in paragraph 4. Sec. 538, P. L. & R., authorized April 19, 1943. 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LX FEBRUARY, 1949 No. 2 Frederick B Isely (1873-1947) One of the leaders in the investigation of the ecology of the orthoptera, Frederick B Isely, died Decemher 30, 1947, at San Antonio, Texas. Professor Isely was horn of Kansas pioneer stock June 20, 1873, at Fairview, Kansas. After education at Fairmount College and at the University of Chicago and a varied teaching experience in high schools and colleges, he became a college administrator in 1920, serving as dean, first of Culver-Stockton College and, later, Texas Woman's College. He returned to full-time teaching in 1931, at Trinity University, and was associated with this institution until his death, though his nominal retirement came in 1946. On the occasion of his retirement, Trinity awarded him the honorary Sc.D. degree. The first important research engaged in by Dr. Isely con- cerned the orthoptera of Kansas, but this interest was re- placed for a time by his studies of the distribution and migration of fresh-water mussels, this investigation being sponsored by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. After an interval in which teaching and administrative work eliminated research. Dr. Isely returned to his first interest, orthoptera. From the time he gave up administrative responsibilities until his death he was engaged in a continuous program of research on the ecology of the Acri- didae and Tettigoniidae. Among the important achievements coming from this series of studies was the clear experimental demonstration that many orthoptera have highly specific food habits. Associated with this was the rather detailed correlation between mandibular morphology and food habits. Incidental to major investiga- tions, but creating a great deal of discussion at the time of publication, was the experimental demonstration of the advan- (29) 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 tage of concealing coloration in protecting grasshoppers from predation by birds. At the time of his death Professor Isely was organizing in manuscript form his notes on the food habits of the Conocephalinae. This material clearly suggests that the carnivorous feeding of the meadow-grasshoppers, previously considered abnormal, is a part of the normal behavior of these insects. That such a research program was carried out in a college where every instructor had a heavy teaching load, and Professor Isely was the only teacher of biology during most of these years, suggests a remarkable achievement. It is fortunate that recog- nition by both the National Research Council and the American Philosophical Society provided the necessary financial support, but the success of the program was certainly due primarily to a dominating curiosity about nature and a remarkable innate faculty for research. GORDON ALEXANDER Occurrence of a European Chalcidoid Hemitrichus rufipes Thomson in North America By GEORGE E. WALLACE, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1938, among some chalcidoid material taken to the U. S. National Museum for determination, Mr. A. B. Gahan identi- fied a number of pteromalids for me as Hemitrichus rufipes Thomson, until then known only from Europe. The specimens had been collected from windows of the Carnegie Museum as early as 1908. Other specimens were taken later two in 1939 and one in 1940 also on windows of the Carnegie Museum. Subsequent attempts to collect the insect on the museum grounds and in nearby Schenley Park have been unsuccessful. How- ever, the span of time covered by the records indicates that the species probably is established in North America. A European specimen of H. rufipes in the collection of the U. S. National Museum bears the doubtful host record of "? Ex bruchus ?". This is the only host record known to me. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 Some New Species of the Genus Volucella By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi Recent studies of American Syrphid flies have disclosed a number of species of Volucella which appear to be undescribed. This paper presents the descriptions of these species. The types are in the author's collection. Volucella belinda n. sp. A greenish to bluish black species. Related to pinkusi Curran but distinct in the reddish brown ground color of the face and the black first abdominal segment. The mesonotal pile is chiefly black in front of the suture. Length 10 mm. Male. Head: the face and cheeks are reddish brown, sepa- rated by a distinct black stripe. The upper part of the face is black, bearing yellowish white pollen. Pile of face yellowish white ; front black with black pile ; vertical pile black. The an- tennae are reddish brown, the elongate third segment gradually and uniformly tapering until it is distinctly narrow apically ; it is faintly darker dorsally and apically. The arista is yellowish bas- ally, black apically, with twenty-four long rays. Eyes not flat- tened, the upper facets but little enlarged. Ocular pile light red- dish brown to brownish yellow, quite thick and abundant above and extending nearly to the bottom of the eye. Thorax: the mes- onotum and scutellum are black with extremely strong opales- cent greenish reflection which becomes coppery to purple where the light strikes it. The pile of the mesonotum is chiefly black and very fine and abundant. There is considerable pale pile how- ever, just behind and medial to the humeri arid viewed from the rear there is an obscure but rather broad stripe of scattered yel- lowish white hairs mixed in with black along the lateral margin of the mesonotum. There may be discerned in some specimens slender linear stripes of pale pile, three in number lying anteri-. orly on the middle of the mesonotum. There is some short pale pile on the' posterior half of the mesonotum mixed in with the long black pile. Notopleura shining black, the upper wing mar- 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 gins and the lateral margin just medial to the notopleura also shining black. Humeri brown, post calli brown, the scutellum with a distinct, complete, preapical depression but no basal flat- tened areas. The depression is granulate. The pleura are shin- ing black and black pilose. The bristles of the thorax are black ; there is one on the mesopleura, four on the notopleura, three above wing, three on post calli, none in front of the scutellum and from eight to ten upon the scutellar margin. The ventral scutellar fringe is black; squamae dark brown, the fringe and border similar. Legs: quite black,, only the extreme apex of the anterior and middle femora and extreme base of their tibiae dark brown ; pile of legs black. Wings : strongly tinged with brown, fading away into a lighter brown along the posterior margin. There is a slight trace of yellowish color mingled with the brown in the costal cell, the first basal cell and the stigmal portion of the subcostal cell which is broken by a minute, diagonal, brown line. Marginal cell narrowly closed. Abdomen: first segment quite black, the remaining segments bright shining bluish or green ; the pile is thick, abundant and yellowish white, except narrowly along the posterior margin of the second segment, more widely along the posterior margin of the third segment, and, except for a few black hairs on the apex of the fourth segment. Hypopyg- ium black and black pilose. All the sternites metallic bluish cell widely open. Female. Similar to the male, the front polished shining black with shallow concave depression across the middle. Marginal cell widely open. Holotypc: male, allotype, female, one male paratype and four female paratypes all from Nova Teutonia, BRASIL, collected by Fritz Plaumann, Jan. April, 1948. Volucella opeostoma n. sp. Very similar to pica Schiner but distinct in the direction of the conical epistoma which points downward and not forward ; also in the lack of black vittae upon the thorax, the absence of the wide black bands upon the abdomen and with a differently shaped antennae. Length 10.3 mm. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 Female. Head: face pointed downward and a little forward into a very long narrow cone. The face is light brownish yellow in color with a diffuse brown stripe proceeding from the eye mar- gin about the middle of the face nearly to the apex of the cone. Front pale yellow and narrow with black pile and the pile of the vertex black. The short sparse facial pile is golden. The an- tennae are pale orange, the third segment elongate, concave dor- sally just beyond the middle and the apex swollen and slightly bulbous. The arista is yellow becoming blackish towards the apex with about sixteen dorsal rays. Pile of eyes distinctly yel- low. Thorax: mesonotum pale reddish to brownish yellow with four subopaque reddish stripes of about the same color as the re- mainder of the mesonotum. The scutellum is concolorous with mesonotum and both subtranslucent. The pile of the scutellum dense and short and black on the disc with a few longer hairs and with a wide band of thick golden pile on the base. Scutellar mar- gin three pairs of strong but long and slender black bristles. Post calli with three pairs of black bristles, base of wing with three, ontopleura with two, mesopleura with one black bristle. The anterior margin of the mesopleura is blackish on half the width except at the upper portion. The sternopleura and hypo- pleura are black except for the anterior portion of the hypopleura and the upper margin of the sternopleura. The coxae are dark brown on the anterior pair, black upon the remaining pairs and their trochanters, and black pilose. Squamae pale yellow with yellow fringe. Legs: femora and tibiae pale yellow, the tarsi orange. The hind tibiae with a distinct, rather wide, black an- nulus in the middle. This ring is blackish pilose and the femora and tibiae are of a deeper and more reddish color than in pica. Wings: tinged with brown on the anterior border including the costal and basal cells. Abdomen: entire abdomen a bright clear, rich, brownish orange and subtranslucent without any black bor- ders upon the posterior margins of the segments but with a wide band of thick black pile on the posterior margin of the second seg- ment, a still wider one on the posterior margin of the third seg- ment which expands into a triangle in the middle of the segment, reaching almost to the base, and which expands narrowly along 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 the side margin almost to the base. Fourth segment with a large, triangular patch of black pile in the middle posteriorly reaching almost to the base, but none upon the lateral margins. This black pile is subappressed and the remaining pile elsewhere is bright golden red and subappressed. Holotype: female, Bambito, Volcan, Chiriqui, PANAMA, Dec. 1946. collected by N. H. L. Krauss and presented to the author. Volucella sappho n. sp. A reddish brown species related to correcta Curran but distin- guished by the pale brownish yellow to yellowish white pile of the eyes in both sexes. In both sexes of correcta the ocular pile is described as black. Length 8.5 mm. Male. Head: face short, dark shining brownish red with yel- lowish pollen confined to the region beneath the antennae but reaching the eyes. Face with a few reddish brown or yellowish hairs on the side. The facial tubercle is low and scarcely darker in the middle. The front is very small and very dark brown with a few pale yellow hairs. The vertex is also reduced until it is practically non-existent in front of the anterior ocellus and behind the posterior ocellus ; its pile is black. Eyes enormously devel- oped, flattened from vertex to front with greatly enlarged facets and with moderately long pale brownish to yellowish white pile. Antennae reddish brown throughout, the third segment very slightly concave. Arista yellowish brown basally, dark brown to nearly black apically with twenty-one long rays above. Thorax: mesonotum and scutellum deep dark reddish brown, the margin of the scutellum perhaps slightly darker. The humeri. noto- plura and the anterior margin of the pleura and the hypopleura. metapleura and posterior pteropleura only slightly lighter in shade. Disc of scutellum opaque with sparse, fine black pile and three pairs of strong marginal black bristles. Ventral fringe blackish. Squamae very dark brown with similar fringe and border; halteres yellowish with an opaque, quite white knob. Pile of mesonotum distinctly yellow on the anterior two-thirds, becoming dark reddish brown above the wing ; it is black in front of the scutellum. There are no prescutellar bristles but the pile lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 is a little longer and coarser before the scutellum. There are three black bristles on the post calli, three supraalae, two noto- pleura and one mesopleura. Pleural pile narrowly blackish above becoming dark brown and then reddish brown below. Legs: reddish brown, made darker by the very dark brown pile, which is brown rather than black. The tarsal segments are extremely dark brown but not black. The hind basitarsi and the middle basitarsi are more reddish brown. Wings: uniformly tinged with pale yellowish brown, the costal cell more yellowish and the stigmal area yellowish with elongate, diffuse, brown basal stig- mal spot. Marginal cell closed at the costa. Radial sector with seven long black bristles. Abdomen: first and second segments translucent light brownish yellow, the second becoming narrowly and diffusely darker or more reddish brown along the posterior margin, but the difference in shade is slight. Third segment ob- scurely yellowish on either side at the base and extending dif- fusely down nearly half the length of the segment except at the sides and the middle where somewhat darker brown prevails. Fourth segment similar to the third. Pile of the abdomen every- where dark brow r nish black except upon the first segment where it is yellow and upon the anterior corners of the second w^here it is reddish. First and second sternites and the third sternite narrowly along the base on either side of the middle light trans- lucent yellow ; remainder reddish brown. Female. Similar to the male in general. The front is black with a shallow, transverse depression upon the lower part of the front ; there are longitudinal depressions along the eye mar- gin, above the transverse depression, and there is an extremely faint medial depression on the upper part of the front. There is a more evident, medial, somewhat groove-like depression in the middle of the preantennal callus ; this groove separates two slightly convex, low bullate eminences. Below these swellings there is on either side a diagonal crease immediately in front of the antennae. Scutellum more distinctly yellowish brown bas- ally, darker posteriorly. First and second segments of the ab- domen, their sternites, and the narrow anterior border of the third sternite very pale translucent yellow. Posterior half of 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 the second tergite widely black with opalescent bluish reflection, a little wider sublaterally and then diminishing to the sides where the black does not actually reach the posterior corners. Third tergite entirely of the same opalescent bluish black. Fourth and fifth similar except that there are a pair of obscure, elongate, large, yellowish brown, transverse spots on the basal margin. Holotypc: male, Summit, PANAMA, Canal Zone, Oct. 1946, allotype, female, Barro Colorado Island, PANAMA, Jan. 1947, presented to the author by N. L. H. Krauss. Volucella vitrea n. sp. A black species with opalescent reflections which are some- what faint ; face yellow with distinct reddish to brownish tinge. Related to iritripennis Curran. The scutellum is quite black, not dark red in ground color. The scutellum has three pairs of mar- ginals instead of four and there are six prescutellars instead of twelve. Finally the basal halves of the abdominal tergites are not reddish in ground color ; the whole abdomen is black. Length 10 mm. Female. Head: the cheeks are light reddish brown becom- ing black behind at the lowest part of the eye. The face is light brownish yellow with a large low tubercle ; it is black pilose on the tubercle, with abundant yellow pile and yellow pubescence on the sides and beneath the antennae. This pubescence and pile extends narrowly up the sides of the polished black front. The front is distinctly convex from posterior or anterior view. The vertex and occiput are black, their pile pale yellow, except for a single row of short, sharp, stiff black hairs upon the upper third of the occiput. Occipital pollen light brownish yellow. All frontal pile yellow except a few black hairs. Ocular pile dense, fine, distinctly yellow and rather short. Antennae orange brown on the first, second and the basal half of the elongate third segment. Third segment much narrowed on the outer two-fifths. This section of the antenna has nearly parallel sides and rounded apex and is dark smoky brown. The arista is nearly black with dark brown base and thirty-one long rays. Lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 Thorax: mesonotum black with faint opalescent bluish reflec- tions and coppery reflections where light strikes it directly. The scutellum is concolorous with the mesonotum, the humeri very dark brown. There are three heavy, stiff, black bristles on the notopleura, three above the wing base, three on the postcalli and three pairs on the scutellar margin, one upon the mesopleura and six before the scutellum. The pile of the mesonotum and of the pleura except the pteropleura and sternopleura is pale yellow. The sternopleural and pteropleural pile is black. Squa- mae pale yellow with yellow border and orange brown fringe. Plumulae orange brown. Halteres with orange stalk and nearly white knob. Legs: quite black with black pile. Wings: hya- line, the basal half of the stigmal area light yellow, the marginal cell closed and stalked, the remainder of the wings except the first section of the costal cell quite hyaline without clouding. The wing may have been denuded but there are villi only upon the apex of the marginal cell and the subcostal cell. Abdomen: quite black with very faint milky bluish reflections but no cop- pery or reddish or metallic bluish reflections. The pile is short and yellow upon the basal half of the second, third, fourth and fifth segments. Sternites shining black with long yellow pile, the only black pile being on the posterior margin of the fourth and fifth sternites. Holotypc: female, Pucallpa, PERU, Nov. 12, 1947, Jose Schunke. Volucella nigroviridis n. sp. A large black species with orange brown face and bluish green abdomen. Related to basslcri Curran. The scutellum is jet black with green reflection on the disc, and not brown in color. Mesonotum entirely deep black pilose. Eyes with red- dish pile instead of greyish yellow pile. Length 14 mm. Male. Head: the face and cheeks and front are light orange brown ; the pile of the face is thick and short and reddish yellow about the tubercle with some black pile upon the tubercle itself and a narrow row of black pile close to the eye margin. The frontal pile is entirely black. The vertex is black with black 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 pile. The eyes are densely reddish or orange brown pilose. The upper facets are only slightly enlarged and the eyes touch for a considerable distance. There is a band of distinctly yellow pollen running from each eye margin beneath the antennae. The antennae are yellowish brown, the elongate third segment tapering to a rounded point apically and concave in the middle dorsally. The arista is pale yellow but black on the apical half. There are about thirty-five dorsal rays. Thorax: mesonotum black throughout except the burner i which are yellowish brown. All over the disc of the mesonotum and on the jet black scutel- lum there is a bluish green reflection which is coppery in certain lights. There are about fifteen prescutellar black bristles and eight pairs of long black marginal bristles ; there are seven upon the postcalli, three above the wing and four on the notopleura; one upon the mesopleura. Pleura quite black with equally black pile ; the squamae are translucent smoky grey with black fringe. The halteres are yellowish with opaque white knob. Legs: en- tirely black with black pile. JTinc/s: hyaline but made distinctly grey by the very dense blackish villi. There is a large, blackish sepia quadrate spot in the middle of the wing and beyond it the basal portion of the stigmal area is yellow. The brown spot in- cludes the apex of the costal cell. Abdomen: first segment black, the second black with the posterior margin and the whole of the lateral margin metallic bluish green in places with a golden or brassy reflection ; where the green meets the black there is a purple reflection. The first segment is white pilose in the middle, black pilose laterally, and the second segment is white pilose on the anterior half throughout the middle but the black posterior pile encroaches laterally almost to the anterior corner. Third and fourth segments entirely metallic blue green with occasional brassy reflection and entirely black pilose. Sternites blue green ; second sternite densely long white pilose except on the lateral third. Third and fourth sternites black pilose except for a small patch of yellowish pile anterio-medially. Holotype: male. Pucallpa, PERU, Nov. 8, 1947, Jose Schunke. Ix, '49 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the West- ern United States and Canada (Dipt. : Tipulidae). Part XI By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts The preceding part under this general title was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59: 207-214. The crane-flies consid- ered herewith are from various far western states where they were collected in part by myself, in part by my good friends, George F. Knowlton and Peder Nielsen, as mentioned under the indi- vidual species concerned. The types of the novelties are pre- served in my personal collection of these flies. Limonia (Dicranomyia) nielseniana new species Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray with three darker stripes, the median one broader and more deeply colored ; ros- trum and basal palpal segments yellow ; antennae black through- out, the flagellar segments moderately elongate ; wings whitish subhyaline, stigma dark brown, conspicuous ; a restricted dark pattern, chiefly evident as a seam along vein Cit ; vein 6Y, long, approximately three-fifths Rs; male hypopygium with the caudal margin of the tergite nearly truncate, the lateral lobes very low and inconspicuous ; ventromesal lobe of basistyle black- ened, long and conspicuous, bearing a small lateral tubercle; ventral dististyle small, the rostral prolongation compressed- flattened, more or less cleaver-shaped, the lower outer angle produced into a point ; rostral spines widely separated, the outer one curved, the inner spine straight ; aedeagus unusually slender. <$. Length about 6-6.5 mm. ; wing 6.5-7 mm. . Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing 8 mm. Rostrum obscure yellow, palpi black, the basal two segments yellow. Antennae black throughout ; flagellar segments oval, the outer ones more elongate, the terminal about one-third longer than the penultimate. Head gray, the center of vertex a little more brownish yellow; anterior vertex broad, approxi- mately three times the diameter of scape. 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 Pronotum above dark brown, paler on sides. Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray, with three brown stripes, the median one broader and more deeply colored, brownish black ; sides of praescutum more pruinose ; scutum and scutellum broadly obscure yellow, the sides brownish gray ; mediotergite dark brown, sparsely pruinose, pleurotergite yellowish gray. Pleura chiefly yellowish gray, the ventral sternopleurite more or less darkened, especially behind. Halteres with stem pale, knob infuscated. Legs elon- gate ; fore coxae infuscated, remaining coxae and trochanters yel- low ; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly infuscated ; re- mainder of legs brownish yellow, the outer tarsal segments brown- ish black. Wings whitish subhyaline, the prearcular and costal fields a little more yellowed; stigma small, oval, dark brown, conspicuous ; very narrow and inconspicuous brown seams over cord and outer end of cell 1st M 2 , vein Cu more evidently dark- ened ; veins chiefly brown, more yellowed in the brightened fields. Venation : Sc 1 ending opposite or shortly beyond the origin of Rs, Sc^ long, approximately three-fifths to three-fourths Rs; free tip of Sc 2 and R. 2 in transverse alignment, the latter more than two times the former; cell 1st M 2 subequal in length to vein M 4 ; in-cu shortly before the fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, their posterior borders narrowly pale ; basal sternites chiefly yellow, the outer ones more brownish gray ; hypopygium with the ventral dististyle yellow, the remainder more darkened. Male hypopygium with the tergite pale, transverse, the lateral lobes very low and incon- spicuous ; setae in three more or less distinct marginal groups, the median one concentrated. Basistyle blackened, relatively large, especially the conspicuous elongated ventromesal lobe, the latter bearing a small lateral tubercle on basal half, this provided with several long setae. Dorsal dististyle a gently curved pale rod, narrowed very gradually to an acute point. Ventral disti- style small, fleshy, its area a little less than that of the main body of the basistyle, the disk provided with unusually long setae, in- cluding a small brush or pencil on mesal face beyond base ; rostral prolongation compressed-flattened, more or less cleaver- shaped, the lower outer angle an acute weakly sclerotized point ; Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 two rostral spines, widely separated, the outer curved, the inner spine straight, the two separated by a distance nearly as long as the outer spine. Gonapophysis with the mesal-apical lobe slender, its tip acute. Aedeagus unusually slender, the tip with two appressed lobes that are separated only by a linear split. Habitat. WYOMING. Holotype: <$, Sunlight Valley, Sho- shone National Forest, altitude 6,800 feet, September 6, 1948 (Peder Nielsen). Allotopotype: 5, September 4, 1948. Para- topotypcs: 8 J*$, September 4-6, 1948. The type series was secured in a marshy area. I take unusual pleasure in naming this very distinct fly for my longtime friend and co-worker on the Tipulidae, Librarian Peder Nielsen, of Silkeborg, Denmark. Mr. Nielsen visited America in 1948 and spent nearly two weeks collecting in Wy- oming. I am much indebted to Mr. Nielsen for the privilege of retaining the types of this fly. Superficially the species sug- gests Limonia (Dicranomyia) ctcnopyga Alexander and L. (D.) inellcicauda Alexander, but has the male hypopygium very distinct from these and from all other members of the subgenus. The fly was associated in nature with L. (D.) vnlgata (Bergroth) which it superficially resembles, being readily separated by the closed cell 1st M 2 and the entirely different male hypopygium. Pedicia (Tricyphona) ampla euryptera new subspecies J\ Length about 16-17 mm.; wing 15.5-16 mm.; antenna 1.8- 1.9 mm. Characters as in ampla truncata Alexander, differing in slight details of coloration and hypopygial structure. Head and thorax clear gray, the praescutum with four narrow brownish gray stripes; scutellum obscure yellow, infuscated medially; dorso- pleural region broadly pale yellow. Wings fully-developed, as shown by the measurements, the venation normal ; membrane light gray, the prearcular and costal fields more yellowed ; veins brown, much darker than in truncata. Male hypopygium with the tergal lobe broader than in truncata, the caudal margin very gently emarginate, the lateral lobes thus formed low and incon- 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 spicuous. In truncata the caudal margin is truncate, without lateral lobes. Habitat. ARIZONA. Holotypc: J\ White Mountains, Al- pine, altitude 8,400 feet, June 23, 1947 (C. P. Alexander). Paratypc: 1 $, Greer, on the Little Colorado River, altitude 8,800 'feet, June 22, 1947 (C. P. Alexander). Erioptera (Empeda) exilistyla new species General coloration of entire body dark brownish gray; ros- trum, palpi, antennae and legs black ; wings whitish subhyaline, the prearcular and costal fields more whitened ; stigma pale brown, inconspicuous ; veins beyond cord with macrotrichia ; vein R 3 oblique, shorter than vein R., + 4 ; cell 1st M., rectangular, shorter than vein M 4 ; male hypopygium with the tergite large, its caudal margin very gently concave ; both dististyles unusu- ally slender, both simple, the outer style a long slender yellow rod that narrows gradually to an acute point ; gonapophyses arising close together at the midline, each terminating in an elongate blackened terminal spine. J\ Length about 3.8 mm. ; wing 4.3 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae 16-segmented, black throughout ; flagellar segments long-oval ; verticils relatively short and inconspicuous. Head dark brownish gray ; anterior vertex broad. Pronotum large, brownish gray. Mesonotum brownish gray, the praescutum with a poorly indicated darker median stripe ; both the tuberculate pits and pseudosutural foveae black, the former placed close together at near mid-distance between the anterior margin of the praescutum and the pseudosutural foveae. Pleura, including the dorsopleural membrane, blackened, heavily gray pruinose. Halteres with stem very light brown, knob light yellow. Legs with the coxae black, pruinose ; remainder of legs black. Wings whitish subhyaline, the prearcular and costal fields even more whitened ; stigma pale brown, relatively incon- spicuous ; veins light brown, more brownish yellow in the whitened fields. Veins beyond cord with macrotrichia. Vena- tion : Sc l ending nearly opposite fork of Rs, Sc. 2 some distance Lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 from its tip, Sc l alone only a little shorter than R. 2 + .. . 4 ; vein R : , + 4 longer than the oblique vein /?.. ; distance on costa between veins /?, + ., and /?.. exceeding two-thirds the length of the latter; cell 1st M., closed, rectangular, shorter than vein M 4 ; ni^-cn about one-third its length beyond the fork of M; vein 2nd A nearly straight. In the unique type, the venation of the right wing, mounted in balsam, is abnormal in the medial field. Abdomen, including hypopygium, black, more or less pruinose. Male hypopygium with the tergite large, its caudal margin very gently concave. Basistyle not produced beyond origin of disti- styles. Both dististyles unusually slender, simple ; outer style a long yellow rod that narrows gradually into an acute point ; inner style a little shorter and stouter, dark-colored, the tip obtuse. Gonapophyses arising close together at the midline, on either side of base of the shorter aedeagus, each apophysis expanded very slightly before narrowing into an elongate blackened terminal spine. Habitat. WASHINGTON. Holotyf>c: <$, Stevens Pass, Sno- qualmie National Forest, altitude 4,000 feet, July 8, 1948; swept from mountain hemlock (C. P. Alexander). Although the male hypopygium is quite different from that of other described species, the present generic and subgeneric assignment seems correct. The fly is most like Erioptera (Eni- pcda} tristhnonia Alexander yet is very distinct. In its general appearance, especially the venation, the fly much resembles certain of the small species of the genus Rhabdoinasti.v. Erioptera (Psiloconopa) ecalcar new species J 1 . Length about 4-4.5 mm. ; wing 4.5-5 mm. $. Length about 4.5-4.8 mm. ; wing 5-5.2 mm. Closely allied to margarita Alexander, differing in the struc- ture of the male hypopygium. General coloration of body yel- low, the disk of the head and thoracic dorsum a trifle more brownish yellow. Antennae pale basally, the outer segments pale brown. Halteres pale yellow. Legs obscure yellow or brownish yellow, the outer tarsal segments infuscated. Ab- dominal tergites brown, the incisures, sternites and hypopygium 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 yellow. Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle bifid, lack- ing the third or intermediate arm or point that is found in mar- garito. Lateral gonapophyses appearing as straight, entirely pale rods that narrow to the simple tips. In margarita these rods are broader, the tips conspicuously blackened and spinulose. Habitat. UTAH. Holotypc: J 1 , Zion National Park, Weep- ing Rock, altitude 4,500 feet, June 21, 1942 (C. P. Alexander). Allotopotypc: $, with the type. Paratopotypcs: 5 J^, May 5 and September 7, 1943 (G. F. Knowlton). Erioptera (Erioptera) hohensis new species Allied to villosa; thoracic dorsum medium brown, gray pruinose, the lateral praescutal borders broadly yellow ; ros- trum light yellow ; thoracic pleura chiefly infuscated ; legs ob- scure yellow ; wings with a strong fulvous tinge, the costal field more yellowed, veins yellow ; abdomen brown, the hypopygium a trifle more yellowed; male hypopygium with the outer disti- style a flattened paddle, its tip narrowly obtuse, blackened ; tip of inner dististyle an acute blackened spine ; gonapophyses slender, each terminating in a long slender spine, the sub- terminal part with abundant microscopic spicules. ^. Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5.8 mm. Rostrum light yellow ; palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape and pedicel obscure yellow, flagellum brown ; flagellar segments with long conspicuous verticils. Head light fulvous yellow, the center of vertex very weakly darkened and sparsely pruinose. Pronotum light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with the disk medium brown, gray pruinose, the margins broadly yellow ; scutal lobes brownish gray, the lateral margins clear light yellow ; scu- tellum reddish yellow ; mediotergite reddish brown, sparsely pruinose, the anterolateral border yellow ; pleurotergite chiefly yellow, more darkened ventrally. Pleura chiefly infuscated, the dorsopleural region broadly light yellow. Halteres yellow, the knobs moderately darkened. Legs obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments darkened. Wings with a strong fulvous tinge, Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 the prearcular and costal fields somewhat more yellowed ; veins yellow. Venation : Outer half of vein 2nd A strongly sinuous. Abdomen brown, the hypopygium a trifle more brightened. Male hypopygium with the outer clististyle a flattened paddle, the narrowly obtuse tip blackened. Inner dististyle a little shorter, a trifle expanded on the outer fourth and here produced into an acute spine on outer margin, the longer apex narrowed to an acute blackened spine. Gonapophysis narrow, blackened apically, terminating in a long slender spine, the subterminal part with abundant microscopic spicules. In villosa, male hypopygium with the outer dististyle slender ; inner style with apex obtuse ; gonapophysis appearing as a flattened dark-colored blade that does not terminate in a spine, the entire outer end provided with microscopic spinules. Habitat. WASHINGTON. Holotype: <$, Hoh River, Jackson Ranger Campground, Olympic National Park, Jefferson Co.. altitude 580 feet, July 22, 1948; swept from sparse vegetation on river bars (C. P. Alexander). The closest relative of the present fly is Erioptcra ( Erioptera) villosa Osten Sacken, especially the western Nearctic race of this, dilatata Alexander. The present insect is readily told by the coloration of the body, legs and wings, and especially by the structure of the male hypopygium, as compared above. A. D. Imms According to a news item from Sidmouth, England. Dr. Augustus Daniel Imms died April 3, 1949, at the age of 68 years. He was formerly Forest Zoologist to the Government of India, and later, Chief Entomologist of the Rothamsted Ex- perimental Station, Harpenden, England. Dr. Imms has writ- ten on a wide variety of entomological subjects and is known also through his : "A general textbook of entomology." one of the really outstanding books in its field, of which the seventh edition is to appear May twelfth of this year. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY RAYMOND Q. BLISS AND R. G. SCHMIEDER. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the year 1949 unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For other records of general literature and for economic literature, see the Bibliog- raphy of Agriculture, Washington, and the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on medical entomology see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of periodicals and serials published in our January and June issues. The number of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k) ; papers pertaining ex- clusively to Neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL An. Entomological Society of Ontario, Montreal Branch. Short History, pp. 5-7. Lyman ento- mological collection and library, pp. 13-14. Commemora- tive program of 75th anniversary. [Adv. Sci.] 5(19): Darn- bach, C. A. A study of the ecology and economic value of crop field borders. [Ohio State Univ., Grad. School Stud- ies] 2: i-xi + 3-205, 1948. Eichler, W. Some rules in ec- toparasitism. [6] 12 ser., 8: 588-98, 1948. Jachowski, L. A., Jr. Notes on the biology and control of mosquitoes at Umiat, Alaska. [52] 8: 155-65, 1948. Jenkins, D. Eco- logical observations on the mosquitoes of central Alaska. [52] 8: 140-47, 1948. Ecological observations on the black- flies or punkies of central Alaska. Ibid.: 148-54. Lin- duska, J. P. and E. W. Surber Effects of DDT and other insecticides on fish and wildlife. [U. S. Dept. Interior, Fish and Wildlife Serv.] Circular 15, 1948. Martorell, L. F. A survey of the forest insects of Puerto Rico. [ Jour. Agric. Univ.' P. R.] 29 (2 & 3) : 69-608, ill., 1945. New- combe, C. L. A method for studying growth in different groups of arthropods. [80] 109 : 84-85. Oman, P. W. and A. D. Cushman Collection and preservation of insects. [U. S. Dept. Agric. Miscell. Publ.] No. 601 : 1-42, ill.. $0.15, 1948. Patrick, R. and H. R. Roberts Biological survey of the Conestoga Creek basin. (A report to the Sanitary Water Board of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.) (Section on Arthropoda by C. B. Wurtz, H. W. Levi and J. W r . H. Rehn.) Mimeographed, Jan. 10, 1949. Remington, J. E. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 Ferdinand Heinrich Strecker (1836-1901) (Biogr.). [Lep. News] 2: 98, ill., 1948. Sherman, J. D., Jr. J. R. de la Torre-Bueno (Obit.). [19] 43: 154-56, 1948. Smart, J. with chapters on fleas by K. Jordan and on Arachnids by R. J. Whittick Handbook for the identification of insects of medical importance. 2nd ed., Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. 205 pp., 13 pis., 178 figs., 1948, 20 s. Tischler, W. Biocono- tische untersuchungen an Wallhecken. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 77 : 283-400. Torre-Bueno, J. R. Entomology in the United States. [ 19] 43 : 141^8, 1948. Some more Entomolo- gists. Ibid.: 150-53. Toumanoff, C. Un epizootic mor- telle chez les chenilles de Fausses teignes des ruches, Achroea grisella et Galleria melonella due a Coleogregarina ephestiae. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 227: 1274-75, 1948. Tulloch, G. S. A resolution of the Brooklyn Entomological Society (Torre-Bueno). [19] 43: 149. 1948. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Earth, R.- Untersuchungen am Hautmuskelschlauch der Raupen von Catacola-Arten (Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Frage der In- sertion des Arthropodenmuskels). [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat.] 69: 405-34, 1945. Bettini e Tentori Insetti e vita- mine. [Riv. di Parassit.] 8: 129-39, 1947. Chiossi, E.- Sulla velocita di sviluppo nelle larye e nelle crisaldi di Bom- byx mori in rapporto al sesso ed al peso degli animali. [Atti Soc. Nat. e Mat. di Modena] 74: 38-52, 1943. Deay, H. O. and J. G. Taylor Preliminary report on the relative attractiveness of different wave lengths of radiant energy to corn borers. (Abstract.) [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 57: 105, 1948. Deroux-Stralla, D. Recherches experimentales sur le role des "glandes ventrales" dans la nine et la meta- morphose, chez Aeschna cvanea (Odonata). [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 227 : 1277-78, 1948. Doyle, W. L. Phosphatase activity of Drosophila salivary glands. [74] 89: 415-19, 1948. Esselbaugh, C. O. Notes on the bionomics of some midwestern Pentatomidae. [27] 28: 1-73. 1948. Eid- mann, H. Zur Kenntnis der Okologie von Azteca muelleri (Formic.) ein Beitrag zum Problem der Myrmecophyten. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 77: 1-48. Tafel 1-3," 1945. Franz, H. Untersuchungen iiber die Kleintierwelt ostalpiner Boden. II. Die Collembolen. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 77: 81-162. 1945. Franz, J. Okologische Beobachtungen am Buchdrucker (Ips typographus) Teil I. |Zool. Jahrb.. Abt. Syst. | 77: 426-42, 1948. Gentil, K. Beitrag zur Morphologic und Optik der Schillerschuppen von Hoplia 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 coerulea Drury und H. farinosa Linne (Coleop.). [Zeit- schr. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere.] 40: 299-313, ill., 1944. Hach- feld, G. Okologische und morphologische Beobachtungen an mitteleuropaischen Crabronen (Sphec.). [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 77: 49-80, 1945. Jaschke, P. von Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Cicindelinenelytren insbesondere der Zusam- menhange zwischen Zeichnung und innerem Aufbau. [Zeitschr. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere] 40: 418-50, ill., 1944. Laschat, F. Die embryonale und postembryonale Entwick- lung der Netzaugen und Ocellen von Rhodnius prolixus. [Zeitschr. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere] 40: 314-47, ill., 1944. Lupo, V. Studio morfologico, anatomico e istologico della Anomala ausonia var. neapolitana Reitt. (Scarab). [Boll. Lab. Ent. Agrar. Portici] 7: 97-315, ill., 1947. McElroy and Rainwater Spectral energy distribution of the light emitted by firefly extracts. [105] 32: 421-25, 1948. Mich- ener, C. D. Observations on the mating behavior of har- vester ants. [45] 56: 239-42, 1948. Miklaszewska, A.- Experiments on the plasticity of instinct in the caterpillars of Nympula namphaeata (Pyralid). [C. R. Men. de la Cl. Sci., Math, et Nat., Cracovie] 1946: 25, 1948. Mosna, E. Su und caratteristica bilogica del Culex pipiens autogeni- cus di Latina. [Riv. di Parassit.] 8: 125-26, 1947. Part- mann, W. Untersuchungen iiber die komplexe Auswir- kung phylogenetischer Korpergrossenanderungen bei Dip- teren. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat.] 69: 507-58, 1948. Pereira, C. e M. P. de Castro Forese e partenogenese arrenotoca em Macrocheles muscae domesticae (Acarina) e sua signifi- cac,ao ecologica. [Arq. Inst. Biol., Sao Paulo] 18: 71-89, 1947-48. Roberti, D. Le oplocampe de Susino. I. Hop- locampa flava (L.) (Tenthredinidae). (External anat. of larva, adult and parasites.) [Boll. Lab. Ent. Agrar. Portici] 7: 41-92, ill., 1947. Sacca, G. Sull'esistenza di mosche domestiche resistenti al DDT. [Riv. di Parassit.] 8: 127- 28. 1947. Schoof, H. F. Common ectoparasites .of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, in North Carolina and the effects of 10 percent DDT dust treatments in their control upon the serology of the rat. [38] 64: 208-15, 1948. Schulze, P. liber eigentiimliche Beziehungen zwischen dem Pigmentgehalt des Chitins u. bestimmten Korperbild- ungen bei der Nashornzecke Amblycentor rhinocerinus (Acarina). [Zeitschr. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere] 40: 406-17, ill., 1944. Siang Hsu, W. The golgi material and mito- chondria in the salivary glands of the larva of Drosophila melanogaster. [74] 89: 401-14, 1948. Strenger, A. Funk- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 tionelle Analyse des Orthopterenkopfes, eine systematisch- funktionsanatomische Studie. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 75: 1-72, 1942. Trager, W. Biotin and fat-soluble ma- terials with biotin activity in the nutrition of mosquito lar- vae. [Jour. Bio. Chem.] 176: 1211-23, 1948. Valente, D. Mecanismo da respiragao de Trichodactylus petropoli- tanus (Crus.). [Zoologia, Sao Paulo] 13: 259-327, 1948. Wigglesworth, V. B. The insect as a medium for the study of physiology. [69] B, 135 : 430-35. Yasumatsu, K. Some analyses on the growth of insects, with special ref- erence to a phasmid, Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki (Orthop.). [Jour. Dept. Agric. Kyusyu Imp. Univ.] 8: 1-579. 1946. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Bequaert, J.- Additional records of bird ticks for the northeastern United States. [19] 43: 156, 1948. de Castro, M. P. Reestrut- tura^ao generica da familia Rhinonyssidae (Gamasid) e descric,ao de algumas especies novas. [Arq. Inst. Biol., Sao Paulo] 18: 285-87, 1947-48. Pereira and de Castro- (See under Anatomy.) Schulze, P. (See under Anatomy.) SMALLER ORDERS Deroux-Stralla, D. Odonata (See under Anatomy.) Eads, R. H. and G. C. Menzies An undescribed Anomiopsyllus Baker from the pack rat, Neotoma micropus (Siphonaptera). [43] 21: 133-36, ill. Eichler, W. Mallophaga. (See under General.) Emer- son, K. C. Two new species of Mallophaga. [43] 21 : 137- 40, ill.. 1948. Franz, H. (See under Anatomy.) Fraser, F. C. The Odonata of the Argentine Republic. II. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 5: 47-67, ill. (*), 1948. Martorell, L. F.- (See under General.) Montgomery, B. E. The distribu- tion and relative seasonal abundance of the Indiana species of Lestidae. (Odonata : Zygoptera). [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 57: 113-15, 1948. Scnoof, H. F. (See under Anat- omy.) Silvestri, F. Descrizione di due specie neotropi- cali di Zorotypus (Zoraptera). [Boll. Lab. Ent. Agrar. Portici] 7: 1-12, ill., 1947. Urbanski, J. Critical review of dragon-flies of Poland. (In Polish, Engl. summary.) [Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska] 3: 289-317, 1948. ORTHOPTERA Lieberman, J. Revision del genero Eurotettix Br., 1906, con la descripcion de tin a nueva especie argentina: E. lilloanus. [Acta Zool. Lilloana, Tucuman] 5: 33-46. ill, 1948. Martorell, L. F. (See under General.) Sellier, R. L'evolution morphologique de Locusta migra- toria L. dans la region Amoricaine. [Arch. Zool. Expt. et 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 Gen., Notes et Rev.] 85: 190-207. Strenger, A. (See under Anatomy.) Yasumatsu, K. (See under Anatomy.) HEMIPTERA Balduf, W. V. A summary of studies on the ambush bug, Phymata pennsylvanica americana. [85] 41 : 101-06, 1948. Beamer, R. H. Some new speices of Delphacodes (Fulgorid). Pt. V. [43] 21: 111-19, ill., 1948. Esselbaugh, C. O. (See under Anatomy.) Evans, J. W. Some observations on the classification of the Mem- bracidae and on the ancestry, phylogeny and distribution of the Jassoidea. [88] 99: 497-515, ill., 1948. Griffith, M. E. The bloodsucking cone-nose or "big bed-bug," Tria- toma sanguisuga in an Oklahoma City household. [Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci.] 28: 24-27, 1948. Hungerford, H. B.- The eggs of Corixidae. [43] 21: 141-46, ill., 1948. The Torre-Bueno collection of Hemiptera. [19] 43: 148, 1948. Hussey, R. F. A necessary change of name (Said.). 1 19] 43 : 153, 1948. Knowlton, G. F. A new capitophorus aphid. [43] 21 : 121-23. Aphids from the west. Ibid.: 147-49, 1948. Laschat, F. (See under Anatomy.) Lindberg, H. Materialien zu einer Monographic der Gattung Tettigo- metra (Cicad.). [Notulae Ent., Helsingfors] 28: 1-40, ill. (*), 1948. Martorell, L. F. (See under General.) Mu- kerji and Venkatraman (See under Lepidoptera.) Muk- herjee, F. D. and N. S. Gupta Biology of the common mealybug Ferrisia virgata (Coccid), a pest on jute in Ben- gal. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 1 : 109-15, 1948. Turner, W. F. Insect vectors of phony peach disease. [80] 109: 87-88. LEPIDOPTERA Barth, R. (See under Anatomy.) Bourquin, F. Metamorfosis de Automeris naranja (Hemi- leuc.). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 5: 69-79, ill.. 1948. Notas sobre la metamorfosis de Megalopyge chacoma. Ibid.: 113- 15. Metamorfosis de Morpho catenarius argentinus (Mor- phid). Ibid.: 117-29. Chiosi, E. (See under Anatomy.) Hayward, K. J. Three new genera of neotropical Hesperi- idae. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 5 : 97-102, 1948. Hesperioidea Argentina, XIX. Ibid.: 103-12. Nueva especies de Hes- peridos neotropicales. Ibid.: 175-83. Hessel, S. A. New Jersey Ropalocera Strymon cecrops. [45] 56: 243-44. 1948. Jo'rg, M. E. Un organ de especial differenciacion anatomomicroscopica en la oruga de Morpho catenarius argentius. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 5: 131-36, 1948. Mar- torell, L. F. (See under General.) McDunnough, J. A new race of Pseudohazis hera from southern Colorado Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51 (Saturnid). [45] 56: 249-50, 1948. Miklaszewska, A.- (See under Anatomy.) Mukerji, S. and T. V. Venkatraman Studies on Epipyrops melanoleuca (Lepid.), an ectopara- site of the sugar-cane leafhopper, Pyrilla spp. (Fulgorid). [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 1 : 91-102, ill., 1948. Patel, G. A. and A. C. Basu Bionomics of Leucinodes orbalonis (Lep.) and Epilachna spp. (Col.), the important pests of brinjal, Solanum melongena, in Bengal. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 1 : 117-29, 1948. Remington, P. S. and J. D. Eff A collect- ing trip in search of Speyeria egleis secreta. [Lep. News] 2: 91-92, 1948. Toumanoff, C. (See under Anatomy.) Viette, P. Lepidopteres homoneures. [Faune de France] No. 49 : 1-83, 1948. DIPTERA Bettini e Tentori (See under Anatomy) Breland, O. P. Some bicolored mosquito larvae. [43] 21 : 120-21, 1948. Brown, W. L., Jr. Results of the Pennsyl- vania mosquito survey of 1947. [45] 56: 219-32, 1948. Brundin, L. Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chirono- midcn. [Ark. for Zoologi] 39A (3) : 1-95, 15 pis., 1947. Doyle, W. L. (See under Anatomy.) Hardy, D. E. New and little known neotropical Dorilaidae (Pipunculid). [43] 21; 124-33, ill., 1948. Harmston, F. C. Dipterous predators of the mosquitoes in Utah and Wyoming. [33] 9: 21-23, 1948. Jachowski, L. A. (See under General.) Jenkins, D. (See under General.) Manuel, H. D. A mos- quito survey of Lake Bloomington. [85] 41 : 101-06, 1948. Martorell, L. F. (See under General.) Mosna, E. (See under Anatomy.) Partmann, W. (See under Anatomy.) Sacca, G. (See under Anatomy.) Stone, A. Simulium virgatum Coq. and a new related species (Simuliid). [48] 38: 399-404, ill., 1948. Trager, W. (See under Anatomy.) Twinn, C. R., B. Hocking, W. C. McDuffie and H. F. Cross A preliminary account of the biting flies of Churchill, Manitoba. [24] 26: 334-57. ill.. 1948. COLEOPTERA Bechyne, J. Notes sur des Chrysome- loidea de I'Amerique du Sud. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 5 : 185- 202, 1948. Cazier, M. A. The origin, distribution, and classification of the tiger beetles of Lower California (Cicin- del.). [2] No. 1383: 1-28. ill. (k), 1948. Fattig, P. W.- The Carabidae or ground beetles of Georgia. [Emorv Univ. Bull.] Jan. 15. 1949. Franz, J. (See under Anat- omy.) Gentil, K. (See under Anatomy.) Haedo Rossi, J. A. Nota sobre Brentidos de la Argentina. [Xotas Mus. de la Plata] 13 (105) : 141-64, ill. (k), 1948. Heberdey, R. F. Ein Wasserlaufer unter den Kiifern (Paederus rubro- 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 thoracicus) (Staph.). [Zeitschr. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere] 40: 361-76, ill., 1944. Jaschke, P. von (See under Anat- omy.) Linsley, E. G. The genus Trachys in the United States (Buprest.). [45] 56: 251, 1948. Lupo, V. (See under Anatomy.) Martorell, L. F. (See under General.) McElroy and Rainwater (See under Anatomy.) Munros, F. Descripcion de diez nuevas especies de Lamprosoma neotropicales (Chrysom.). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 5: 81- 95, 1948. Notas sobre Eupoda argentinos (Chrysom.). Ibid.: 203-20. Riegel, G. T. Sex and altitude of flight in Cyclocephala (Scarab.). [85] 41: 113-15, 1948. Rossi, J. A. H. Nota sobre brentidos de la Argentina. Genero Brenthus (Rhynco.). [Notas Mus. Plata] 13(105) : 141-64, 1948 (k*). Van Emden, F. I. A Trox larva feeding on locust eggs in Somalia. [69] 17: 145-48, ill., 1948. Witt- mer, W. 6. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Mala- coderrnata (Canth., Malach., Dasvtid). [Rev. Soc. Ent. Argent.] 14: 148-54 (*). HYMENOPTERA Dreisbach, R. R. The description of a new species of the genus Ceropales (Psammochar.) with a key to the species of North America. [45] 56: 233- 38, 1948. ' Gaul, A. T. Additions to vespine biology. VI: Notes on Vespula rufa var. consobrina. [19] 43: 160-62. Hachfeld, G. (See under Anatomy.) Leorini, M. Sulla cattura cli un nido di Vespa crabro e su alcune considera- zione che si possono trarre dal suo studio. [Atti Soc. Nat. e Mat. di Modena] 78: 69-71, ill., 1947. Martorell, L. F.- (See under General.) Michener, C. D. The generic classi- fication of the Anthidiine bees (Magachil.). [2] No. 1381: 1-29 (k), 1948. (Also see under Anatomy.) Ogloblin, A. Descripcion de dos generos nuevos de Paracolletini Ar- gentina (Colletidae). [Notas Mus. de la Plata] 13 (106): 165-78, ill., 1948. Pini, G. Sulle dimensioni degli indi- vidui di una popolazione di Vespa crabro catturata alia Gaggiola (Castelnueva nei Monti-Reggio E.) e sul loro con- fronto con le popolazioni di Sabaudia e de Circeo. [Atti Soc. Nat. e Mat. di Modena] 78: 72-74, 1947. Robert!, D.- (See under Anatomy.) Shappirio, D. G. Observations on the biology of some mutillid wasps. II, with new distri- butional records. [19] 43: 157-59, 1948. Willink, A.- Observaciones sinonimicas acerca de Chlorion thomae y es- pecies afines de la Argentina (Sphecid). [Acta Zool. Lil- loana] 5: 313-20, 1948. Notas sobre Bembicidos neotropi- cales (Bembecid). Ibid.: 321-23. '49 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Reviews CATALOGUE OF THE ODONATA OF CANADA, NEWFOUNDLAND AND ALASKA, by Francis C. Whitehouse. Transactions, Royal Canadian Institute, xxvii (57) : 3-56, Oct., 1948. Published Nov. 26, 1948. This catalogue lists 186 species for the areas indicated in the title. Where two or more forms, or subspecies, are recognized as occurring therein, each is given the same number, but is dis- tinguished by a different letter, thus Sy in pet nun semicinctnui semicinctnm (Say) is 169a and S. s. occidcntale Bartenef is 169b. This treatment raises the number of forms catalogued from 186 to 196. Incidentally, it is of interest to note that the recognition of two or more subspecies of the same species is confined to the genera Agrion (our old lamented, but unmen- tioned, friend Calopteryx), Aeschna (with the c), Ophiogom- phns, Souiaiochlora, Tctragoncuria, Erytheinis and Sympetrum. Genera with many species, but no Canadian subspecies, are Argia, Iluallagnia, Gouiphns, Lestes, Leucorrhinia and LibcHnla. For each species and subspecies are given : a sequence num- ber of this catalogue, just discussed; the number under which it appears in Muttkowski's Catalogue of the Odonata of North America of 1910; its name and that of its original describer ; its distribution by political provinces within the area of the title (in the case of British Columbia further differentiated into mainland, m, Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands) ; flight period; Merriam's life zone(s) (here capital letters ''are used when the species finds optimum conditions in the zone indicated, lower case where the species extends only part way into the zone or is scarce there") ; references to "the larger standard works of more recent issue (where the figures are suitable)," in preference "to earlier papers, which may be no longer obtainable or not possessed by the later workers in the field" "for full bibliographies of species described prior to 1910, the reader is referred to the indispensable pages of Mutt- kowski's Catalogue," even in most cases for the original de- scription ; finally, references to descriptions and figures of the nymph. All this information is compactly given in usually ten or fewer lines for each species or subspecies, clearly spaced and printed. The sequence of the families is Agrionidae, Lestidae, Coena- grionidae, Aeschnidae, Petaluriclae, Gomphidae, Cordulegas- tridae, Corduliidae and Libellulidae. No subfamilies or other divisions of the families, and no subdivisions of the genus 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '49 Gomphus in the Selysian sense other than Lanthus Needham, are mentioned. A reference list, arranged alphabetically by authors, occupies pages 44-53, index pages 55-56. The author justly remarks in his Introduction : "In Canada our knowledge of the distribution of the species has increased very considerably, largely due to the indefatigable zeal of Dr. E. M. Walker . . . the writer desires to make it clear that at least 80 per cent (probably more) of the information given [here] represents the work of one man : Dr. E. M. Walker. The groundwork of the study of dragonflies in Canada is all his, with some other of us, first and last, helping out by hunting in the corners." Nay more. Dr. Walker's monographs of the genera Aeslina and Somatochlora, based so largely on the Canadian fauna, stand out as the finest works of their kind on Odonata of any part of the world. Mr. Whitehouse has given us a most valuable summary of the Odonata of America north of the 49th parallel, the Great Lakes and New England. Cataloguers of other groups of animals also will obtain useful suggestions for arrangement of their works by looking over his pages. PHILIP P. CALVERT COLEOPTERA OR BEETLES EAST OF THE GREAT PLAINS, by J. Gordon Edwards, 186 pages including 23 plates, cloth Sy 2 x 11. Lithoprinted by Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, January 1949. Price $3.50 postpaid, order from J. Gordon Edwards, 392 Prairie Avenue, Wilmington, Ohio. In 1930, "A Manual of the Genera of Beetles of America" by Dr. J. Chester Bradley, appeared and filled a long felt need among coleopterists and would be coleopterists. Long since out of print and increasingly difficult and expensive to secure, it left a need for a book covering a wider area than just a small section or state. In the reviewer's opinion, this new book with its key to all the families of beetles east of the Great Plains and other features to be commented upon, fills in great part, at least, this need, and in some respects goes further. It provides a text which not only will prove of great help to the beginning coleop- terist, but will also be very useful to those more advanced. The first nine pages are devoted to such introductory material as size of the order Coleoptera, the function of the book, a very brief and elementary discussion of nomenclature, an explana- tion of what a beetle is, and of the parts used in identification, a paragraph on how to use the key, a page of some general Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55 Coleoptera references, and finally an alphabetical tabulation of the families of Coleoptera, giving for each family the number of species and varieties in the United States, and also east of the Mississippi River. The key to the families follows and is illustrated by 449 original line drawings on 23 plates, so arranged that the draw- ings are opposite the pertinent pages. The key itself without the plates occupies 21 solid pages with no break between the couplets. Had space allotted to the figures on the plates been used less generously and devoted instead to improving the ty- pography of the keys, it would have made their use much easier. One further criticism of the keys, which may well be a personal idiosyncrasy : A 21 page key is in itself formidable. Broken up into smaller units or series, it would be much easier to handle and follow. The rest of the book, with the exception of an adequate glossary, index and phylogenetic list of the families of Coleop- tera for the region treated, is devoted to a discussion of each of the 136 families, arranged alphabetically. A surprisingly large amount of information is furnished regarding each family. Gen- eral characters are given of adult and larval stages, together with remarks on habits and habitat. Reference is frequently made to the most common genera and species in such a way that at least tentative identification may be made. In fact, in a few instances, even keys to the species are included. Concluding each family discussion are extremely helpful and quite extensive references to additional taxonomic and biologic literature with citations including 1948. All in all the book should find a wide field of usefulness to anyone interested in Coleoptera, be he beginner or advanced student. EDWARD J. F. MARX This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not foi advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Meliponidae Wanted, information on the bionomics, culture, and economic importance of the stingless bees, particularly of the Old World. P. Nogueira Neto, Av Cicade Jardim 170, S. Paulo, Brasil. Wasps (Vespoidea, Sphecoidea, Chrysidoidea) of the world by ex- change or purchase. Will collect other orders in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N.W., Washington 11, D. C. Lepidoptera Large quantities of Plexippus, Colias, Cardui, Vanil- lae wanted for cash or exchange for tropical butterflies. G. Mac- Bean, 710 Miller Rd., Sea Island, Vancouver, B. C. Ants of the tribe Dacetini (Strumigenys, Rhopalothrix and related genera) wanted for world revision. W. L. Brown, Jr., Harvard Uni- versity Biological Laboratories, Cambridge 38, Mass. Mallophaga (on which immediate determination is not necessary) wanted for study and determination. R. L. Edwards, Dept. Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. Tingidae (Heteroptera) of the world wanted, in alcohol, with host and other ecological data. Will collect other orders in exchange. N. S. Bailey, 16 Neponset Ave., Hyde Park 36, Mass. Bombidae, nearctic and neotropical, wanted for exchange, identi- fication, or purchase. Will exchange in other groups for bumblebees. Earth Maina, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111. Saturnidae of the world. Will purchase individual specimens or cocoons. F. E. Rutkowski, St. Bede College, Peru, Illinois, U. S. A. Butterflies of New England, principally from New Haven, Conn., for exchange. Louis Clarke, 28 W. Elm St., New Haven 15, Conn. Wanted Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vols. 1-6; Proc. Cal. Acad. (Nat.) Sci., 1-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1-20; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1-10; Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1-5; Psyche, 11, 13, 15; Ent. Amer. n.s., 7-26. C. F. dos Passos, Mendham, N. j. W. S. Blatchley Books for Sale Rhyncophora of N. E. America, 1916, 682 pp.. Paper $4.00 Orthoptera of N. E. America, 1920, 784 pp., Paper 5.00 Heteroptera of E. N. America, 1926, 1116 pp., Cloth 10.00 Coleoptera of Indiana, when available 50.00 Address Librarian, Blatchley Nature Study Club, Noblesville, Indiana. Beginning or Completing an Entomological Collection, took te WARD'S In every way possible, Ward's is ready to help the entomologist, whether beginning or rounding out a well organized collection. Equipment, specimens and helpful advice await the inquiries of the inter- ested collector. Write for free special insect and equipment catalogs. U/ADIVQ Naturai Science Establishment, Inc. if Hill/ Be^ai^, Ute. Maiutod Science*. Since 1862. 3000 Ridge Road East Rochester 9, New York Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1138. Cresson (E. T., Jr.) A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the neotropical Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Notiphilinae (73: 35-61, 1947) $ .90 1142. A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the Ethiopian Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Noti- philinae (73: 105-124, 1947) 50 HYMENOPTERA 1137. Pate (V. S. L.) The Pemphilidine wasps of the Caribbees (73: 1-33, 1 pi., 1947) 85 COLEOPTERA 1145. Dillon (L. S. & E. S.) The tribe Dorcaschematini (Coleop- tera: Cerambycidae) (73: 173-298, 6 pis., 1947) 3.45 1139. Green (J. W.) New Eastern Amer. sp. of Podabrus (73: 63-76, figs., 1947) 35 1144. Robinson (M.) Two new spp. of Scarabaeidae (73: 169- 171, 1947) 20 1146. A review of the genus Phanaeus inhabiting the United States (73: 299-305, 1947) 20 LEPIDOPTERA 1141. Darlington (E. P.) Notes on certain types of Lepidoptera described by Brackenridge Clemens (73: 85-104, 1947) ... .50 1140. Williams (J. L.) The anatomy of the internal genitalia of Fumea Casta Pallas (73: 77-84, figs., 1947) 20 TRICHOPTERA 1143. Ross (H. H.) Descriptions and records of No. Amer. Tri- choptera, with synoptic notes (73: 125-168, 7 pis., 1947) .. 1.40 ODONATA 1147. Needham (J. G.) Studies on the No. Amer. spp. of the genus Gomphus (Odonata) (73: 307-339, fig., 1'pl., 1947) 85 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MARCH 1949 Vol. LX No. 3 DIV. l:-;3. U.S. MATL. HUS. CONTENTS Melander The status of the genus Amineura 57 Munroe An unnoticed character in Saturnoidea 60 Lanham An Andrena from Texas 65 Fales Butterflies migrating in Virginia 68 Fattig Observations on Megarhyssa 69 Krombein Notes on Mutillidae 72 Review Introgressive hybridization . . . .^^, . . ^ fc .. 73 Current Entomological Literature . ./A^.. .^^S \i PUBLISHED , 1ONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $4.00 domestic; $4.30 foreign; $4.15 Canada. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, embodied in paragraph 4, Sec. 538, P. L. & R., authorized April 19, 1943. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. 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I am grateful to him for furnishing some of the following data not available at Riverside. In 1913 (Jour. New York Ent. Soc., XXI: 249) I erected the genus Antineura for three American species of Agromyzidae (togata n. sp., chlain\data n. sp., and Phytomyza palliata Co- quillett), designating togata as the type of the genus. In 1914 (Ent. Mitteil., Ill: 73) in an article dealing with Namensanderungen Friedrich Hendel called attention to the prior use of the name Antineura by Osten Sacken. in 1881, for a genus of Platystominae, and proposed the name Haploinysa to replace the homonym, without citation of the genotype, though mentioning that he knew an European species of the genus. In 1918 (Arch. f. Naturges., 84A : 114, published in 1920) in the prodomus to his monograph of the palaearctic Agromyz- idae Hendel separated Haplomyza from Liriomyza by the absence of the posterior crossvein. Disregarding the usual cus- tom of retaining the genotype of the homonym, Hendel desig- nated the European .ranthaspis Loew as the type of Haplomysa. In this paper (page 145) Hendel gave a synoptic key to atroni- tcns Hendel (? hetcroftera Loew). .nintliuspis Loew and lati- genis Hendel, as the European species of Haplomyza. Based on their descriptions he mentioned the possible inclusion of H '. balomca Strobl and H. Ticfii Strobl. (57) JUN1 6 1349 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 In 1927 (Zool. Anz., LXIX : 250) in Beitrage zur Systematik der Agromyziden Hendel thought that Haplomyza was poly- phyletic and dismembered the genus, assigning xanthaspis and latigenis "without contraint" to Liriomyza, and atronitens to Cerodontha. Strobl's two species Hendel later placed in the subsequently erected genus Xeniomyza. Thus Haplomyza is left for the forgotten American species alone. In 1932 (Flieg. pal. Reg., Agromyzidae, 59: 198) Hendel re- vived Haplomyza, this time as a subgenus of Liriomyza, again citing xanthaspis as the type. Six additional species were tabu- lated, but as all of them possess the posterior crossvein Hendel's concept of Haplomyza had completely changed. In 1934 (Tijdschr. Ent., 77: 288-290) in Die Larven der Agromyziden, zweiter Nachtrag, deMeijere described a larva and puparium under the name Xeniomyza Hering, n. g. in litt ; X. ilicitensis Hering, n. sp. in litt. He stated that the adult is the smallest known Agromyzid, and would be described later by Hering. In 1936 (the concluding part of the Agromyzidae of the Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, p. 516) Hendel described the adult of Xeniomyza, citing it as Xeniomyza, n.g., Hering in litt, with genotype X. ilicitensis, n. sp., Hering in litt. Disre- garding his former use of the name Haplomyza, Hendel stated that Xeniomyza is the same as the preoccupied Antineura Me- lander. According to nomenclatorial convention Xeniomyza should be credited to deMeijere, 1934, and not to Hendel, 1936, nor to Hering, because ( 1 ) the earlier description of a larva has priority over the later description of the adult, and (2) an author is held responsible for the names and descriptions he publishes and cannot convey authorship merely by citing "in litt." Antineura Melander was originally characterized as differing from Agromyza by the absence of the posterior crossvein, while it differs from Phytomyza in that the costa extends to the fourth vein. The species have yellow humeri and nearly all of the head is also yellow. The postvertical bristles are strong. The base of the anal vein is distinct and the fifth vein is widely divergent. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 In togata the fourth vein ends plainly before the tip of the wing ; in clilaiuydata the end of the fourth vein bends back to terminate at the apex of the wing. The European Haplomyza, as used in the Fliegen der palae- arktischen Region, was separated from Liriomysa by having the humeri wholly brown to black, the head mostly black, only partly on the front and the cheeks yellowish brown, and the frontal orbits about one-third the width of the front. With this charac- terization the American species do not fully conform. Of the seven species placed in 1931 in Haplomyza only xanthaspis lacks the posterior crossvein, so at that time Hendel relied more on color and the structure of the front than on the incomplete venation. Xeniomyza was defined as differing from Liriomysa mainly in the absence of the postvertical bristles, the termination of the fourth vein plainly before the tip of the wing with the costa ex- tending a little beyond the fourth vein, the posterior crossvein completely lacking and the anal vein represented only as a fold. Again the American species do not concur. Although many of the generic distinctions in the Agromyzi- dae are subject to wide variation, it appears that at least three lines of descent are represented here. Therefore the names Antineura Melander, Haplomyza as later construed by Hendel, and Xeniomyza deMeijere-Hendel-Hering do not all apply to only a single genus, i.e. the original homonym Antineura. Under the rules of nomenclature, Antineura Melander is defi- nitely a homonym and is to be replaced by Haplomyza Hendel, 1914, which is a valid name published to take over the species placed in the preoccupied genus Antineura. But the genotype is still togatus Melander. If taxonomically the European spe- cies placed in the modified concept of Haplomyza are not con- generic with the three American species then they require a new generic, or subgeneric, name, for nomenclatively Haplo- myza belongs irrevocably to togatus and its two related Amer- ican species. The genus Xeniomyza has no direct relationship to Antineura Melander, and Hendel's citation of the synonymy is in error. 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 Mr. Frick has investigated the life cycle of Haplomyza togata from a long series of material, and has records of the larva, pu- paria, type of mine and adult genitalia. He informs me that the genitalia are very different from those of either Liriomyza or Phytomysa. An Unnoticed Character in the Saturnioidea (Lepidoptera) By EUGENE G. MUNROE, Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald College, Quebec, Canada The conspicuous armature of spines or warts which charac- terizes the larvae of most of the Saturnioidea has attracted the attention of all workers who have studied this group. The char- acters presented by the more dorsal rows of spines are so strik- ing that the less prominent but equally interesting subventral series (corresponding to primary setae vii in Forbes' system) appears heretofore to have been neglected. It may be assumed that the primitive condition is that in which the subventral row is complete, being represented on each of the segments from thoracic 1 to abdominal 9. This complete distribution is seldom realized, in most genera the subventral spines being absent from some segments, while in a few forms the whole series is suppressed. The resulting distribution pat- terns appear to characterize major groups, and may some day prove useful in a definitive study of the classification of the superfamily. Thanks principally to the magnificent illustrations in Pack- ard's (1905; 1914) monograph, supplemented by descriptions and illustrations in Jordan (1922; 1924), Forbes (l 92 ^), Kirby (1907), and South (1920), and to a very limited extent by my own examination of preserved material, I have been able to as- certain the segmental distribution of the spines of this series in a fairly representative, though not very numerous, array of Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 species. Elements of uncertainty have of course arisen due to the necessity for dependence upon illustrations. In many fig- ures the spines could not be seen, because of the position of the larva, lack of contrast in the coloration, or plain omission by the artist of spines which ought to have been visible. Packard al- most never mentions the subventral spines in his descriptions. The paintings by Joutel and the photographs by Watson, how- ever, proved to be particularly useful, and the only major gap in the data is the absence of information concerning the earlier in- stars of Aglia or any of the Arsenura-\ike forms, illustrations of which were not readily available to me, while Packard's descrip- tions are valueless from this standpoint. The following table, summarizing the distribution of the sub- ventral spines in the various forms, tends to err on the side of conservatism, spines which were not clearly visible in the illus- trations or specimens, or specifically mentioned in descriptions, being omitted. In general I have simply avoided reference to any figure in which the distribution of the spines seemed doubt- ful. In the case of abdominal segment 9, however, many figures which were otherwise entirely satisfactory broke down ; accord- ingly, in a number of forms in which no subventral tubercle is listed for segment 9 one will actually be found to be present. This does not apply, I think, to any of the Saturniinae (as here listed) ; I believe that all of these will prove to lack the subven- tral spine on that segment. I am not altogether satisfied as to the accuracy of the data for abdominal segments 7 and 8 in a few of the Hemileucinae, but I have followed the quite unequiv- ocal illustrations, trusting to better informed students to cor- rect any inaccuracies. The later instars of the larvae of Aglia, the Arsenura com- plex, the Cercophanidae, and the Oxytenidae all have the arma- ture greatly modified or suppressed, and the subventral tubercles are not recognizable. The earlier instars of Arsenura, and per- haps of other genera in these groups, have a more complete armature, but I have no information as to the arrangement of the subventral tubercles. Their disposition in the Arsenura group should be of particular interest. 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 Fragmentary as the data are, a characteristic segmental dis- tribution of the subventral spines stands out clearly for each subfamily. A complete series is found only in the African Bunaea complex, where, however, it is of uniform occurrence, Segmental Distribution of Subventral Spines in Certain Saturnioid Larvae Subfamily Species Ins tar Subventral spines present on thoracic segments abdominal segments Citheroniinae Adelocephala isias V 1 to 3 1 and 2 ; 7 to 9 bicolor II 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 Anisota rubictmda V 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 virginiensis I, II, V 1 to 3 1 and 2 ; 7 to 9 Eacles imperialis I 1 to 3 1 and 2 ; 7 to 9 II 1 to 3 7 to 9 Citheronia splendens ? 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 laocoon ? 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 sepulchralis I to V 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 regalis V 1 to 3 1, 2, and 9 Hemileucinae Automeris pamina IV 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 io I 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 to 9 coresus ? 1 to 3 1 and 2 ; 7 to 9 viridescens ? 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 and 8 Eudyaria venata ? 1 to 3 1, 2, and 7 Hemileuca maia I 1 to 3 9 nevadensis ? 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 and 8 juno ? 1 to 3 1 and 2 oliviae ? 1 to 3 1 and 2 Pseudohazis eglanterina ? 1 to 3 1, 2, and 7 hera ? 1 to 3 1 and 2; 7 and 8 Ludiinae Holocera smilax last 1 to 3 none Pseudoludia suavis last 1 to 3 none Ludia delegorguei last 2 and 3 none Bunaeinae Micro gone her ilia ? 1 to 3 1 to 9 Eudaemonia brachyura ? 1 to 3 1 to 8 argiphontes ? 1 to 3 1 to 8 Usta terpsichore ? at least on abd. 3 to 6 Urota sinope last 1 to 3 1 to 8 Nudaurelia dione last 1 to 3 1 to 8 wahlbergi last 1 to 3 1 to 8 Acanthocampa belina last 1 to 3 1 to 8 Gonimbrasia tyrrhea last 1 to 3 1 to 8 Gynanisa isis last 1 to 3 1 to 8 Bunaea alcinoe last 1 to 3 1 to 9 Lobobunnea phaedusa last all tubercles suppressed Pseudobunaea tyrrhena last all tubercles suppressed Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63 Segmental Distribution of Subventral Spines in Certain Saturnioid Larvae Continued Subfamily Species Instar Subventral spines present on thoracic segments abdominal segments Saturniinae Saturn ia pavon ia- major last 1 to 3 1 and 2 Copaxa multifenestrata I 1 to 3 1 to 5 Tropaea luna V 1 to 3 1 and 2 Telea polyphemus last 1 to 3 1 and 2 Antheraea yama-mai I 1 to 3 1 and 2 III 1 to 3 none pernyi I to IV 1 to 3 1 or none Rhodinia fugax I 1 to 3 1 and 2 or none II to IV none none V all tubercles suppressed Dictyoploca japonica I 1 to 3 none IV 1 to 3 none Cricula trifenestrata V 1 to 3 none Attacus atlas V 1 to 3 1 and 2 Callosamia promethea III 1 to 3 none V 1 to 3 1 and 2 angulifera IV 1 to 3 none Rupackardia calleta I to V 1 to 3 none Rothschildia jorulla I 1 to 3 none II to V none none orizaba III none none Platysamia spp. II to V 1 to 3 1 and 2, or 1, or none Archaeoattacus edwardsii ? 1 to 3 none Philosamia cynthia I to V none none except in the Lobobiinaca group, in which the whole armature is lost. This would argue for a primitive position for the Bunaeinae, also indicated by the retention of distinct maxillary rudiments in some of the genera (Eiidaemonia, Micragone). In the Citheroniinae, the other group in which distinct (and sometimes functional) maxillary rudiments are retained, the subventral spines have been lost from the segments which bear the mid-abdominal prolegs. A similar pattern is evident in the Hemileucinae, with the addition of a tendency for the loss of the spines from the posterior three segments. In the otherwise very dissimilar Ludiinae and Saturniinae, the larvae agree in having lost all the subventral tubercles be- hind the second abdominal segment. There is also a tendency 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 toward suppression of these tubercles on the anterior segments, to an extent which varies, sometimes in the same instar of the same species. One, and perhaps a very significant, exception is found in the first instar larva of Copaxa multifenestrata, as de- picted by Joutel in Packard (1914). It is doubtless dangerous to base a general conclusion on a single drawing, but the sug- gestion is strong that in the Saturniinae the posterior subventral tubercles were lost before the middle ones. This would preclude any direct relationship with the Hemileucinae, whose affinities would on the contrary appear to be with the Citheroniinae. The Copaxa larva is also primitive in showing no trace of a displace- ment mesad of the dorsal tubercles of the eighth abdominal seg- ment, and of course South America is a well known asylum for primitive forms. The Saturniinae and Bunaeinae are at opposite extremes in the number of subventral tubercles, a fact which provides addi- tional support for their separation, proposed by Packard long ago on the basis of differences in the early stages. In spite of the close similarity of the adults, we can hardly derive the Sa- turniinae directly from the Bunaeinae, for the latter are more specialized than Copaxa and other primitive Saturniines not only in having the dorsal tubercles of the eighth abdominal seg- ment fused in the mid-line, but also in the general exaggeration of the larval armature and in having lost the faculty of spinning a cocoon. It is easier to assume that both groups arose from a common ancestor which spun a cocoon, and in which the sub- ventral series of tubercles was complete and the dorsal pair on the eighth abdominal segment separate. REFERENCES FORBES, W. T. M. 1923. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Memoir 68. JORDAN, K. 1922. A monograph of the Saturnian subfamily Ludiinae. Nov. Zool., 29 : 249-326. . 1924. On the Saturnioidean families Oxytenidae and Cercophani- dae. Nov. Zool., 31 : 135-193. KIRBY, W. F. 1907. The butterflies and moths of Europe. Cassell, Lon- don. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65 PACKARD, A. S. 1905. Monograph of the Bomhycine moths, etc., Part II. Mem. Xat. Acad. Sci., vol. 9. . 1914. Monograph of the Bombycine moths, etc., Part III. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, part 1. SOUTH, R. 1920. The moths of the British Isles, series one (new edi- tion). Warne, London. A New Species of Andrena from Texas, with De- scriptive and Synonymical Notes on Andrena belfragei Cresson (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) By U. N. LANHAM, Department of Zoology, University of Michigan The new species described herein is based on a series in the United States National Museum which had been given a manuscript name by Viereck. The unusual color pattern of the female in this species, approached by only one other species in the United States, makes it easily recognizable in our fauna. Andrena dolomellea new species Female. Integument mostly ferruginous, with details of coloration as follows : clypeus, adjacent areas of face, base of mandibles, scape, pedicel, first flagellar segment, and lower one- half of cheeks ferruginous, rest of head black ; mesoscutellum, metanotum, lower one-third of pleura, and dorsal surface of pro- podeum with strong feruginous markings and tints, rest of thorax black, legs entirely ferruginous ; anterior terga feruginous, pos- terior terga becoming blackish ; all pubescence rich fulvous. Clypeus closely, irregularly, and rather weakly punctate, the lower half slightly shining, with a poorly developed median ridge ; facial fovea wide above, occupying more than three- fourths distance between eye and lateral ocellus, terminating at about level of clypeal margin ; process of labrum large, broadly truncate, truncature slightly concave; mandibles ordinary, with ventral membraneous flange short ; antennae with segment 3 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 about equal to 4 + 5. Mesoscutum with moderately short pubes- cence, not nearly dense enough to obscure integument, integu- ment reticulate, with dense, large, but rather weak punctures; mesoscutellum reticulate, with sparse punctures ; metanotum strongly protuberant ; enclosure of propodeum reticulate, with a few weak, irregular wrinkles above ; propodeal corbiculum with dorsal fringe well developed, no anterior fringe, but hairs of anterior portion branched, interior with dorsal one-half hairy; tibial scopa copious, hairs of outer face simple, trochanteral floccus imperfect, middle basitarsus not conspicuously widened at middle ; wings uniformly and strongly darkened, stigma black, moderately slender, first recurrent nervure ending slightly be- fore middle of second submarginal cell. Terga strongly punc- tate, first tergum with few punctures on elevated portion, closely punctate on depressed posterior margin, remaining terga closely and evently punctate, with punctures of fourth tergum becoming indistinct ; caudal fimbria bright fulvous ; pygidium broadly rounded at apex. Length 13 mm., forewing 11 mm. Holotypc female: Willis, TEXAS, April, 1903 (Bridwell). Male. Black, except legs and most of terga ferruginous; pu- bescence fulvous. Head with pubescence of face rather short; cheeks somewhat wider than eyes, broadly rounded ; mandibles moderately long, decussate ; antennae with segment 3 about equal to 4. Wings lighter than in female, but still well darkened, especially apically. Tergal sculpture about as in female. Geni- talia with tips of parameres long, slender, parapenial lobes mod- erately produced, broad ; sagitta with sides not excavated, widened for about half its length ; tip of eighth sternite moder- ately and evenly expanded, apical margin slightly concave. Length 11 mm., forewing 9 mm. Allotype male: same data as holotype. Paratypcs: 2 females, same data as holotype, one bearing an additional label "Cra- tacgus" ; one female, Fedor, Texas (Birkman) : 1 female. Mound, Louisiana, 2 April 1907 (F. C. Bishopp) and one male, same lo- cality, 7 March 1907, on turnip (Bishopp). Ix, '49 I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67 In spite of its bizarre appearance, produced by the ferruginous markings of the face, thorax and abdomen, this species is struc- turally a normal member of the vicina-hilaris series, as shown by the imperfect trochanteral floccus, simple hairs of the scopa, and slender parameres of the male genitalia. It is most like hilaris Smith, differing in the much more closely punctured terga and the larger size. A. mellea Cresson, the only other North Ameri- can Andrena known to me to have ferruginous markings on the thorax, has the posterior spur of the hind tibia strongly bent and flattened basally (linear in dolomellea}, and has the pleura coarsely sculptured, therefore belonging to the group of A. ar- gemonis Ckll. and A. prunorum Cockerell, a group not at all re- lated to the present species. A. dolomellea is another example of ferruginous members of an otherwise black series of bees occurring in the southern United States. The subgenus Pterandrena, elsewhere a group of black bees, has at least one reddened species in Southern Kansas and Texas. Andrena belfragei Cresson Andrena belfragei Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 4: 256, female. Andrena brunnh'cntris Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 4: 258, male. (New synonym.) Andrena te.vana Howard (not Cresson), 1901, Insect Book, plate 4, fig. 7. In order to eliminate the possibility that A. dolomellea might be the same as A. brunnivcntris, described very briefly by Cres- son from a single male, Dr. Karl V. Krombein compared the al- lotype of dolomellea with Cresson's type for me, and found them to be distinct. Mr. P. H. Timberlake further investigated the matter, and found in the collection of the U. S. National Mu- seum a male specimen from Texas ("Collection Belfrage") which had been determined by Ashmead as A. belfragei Cresson ; Mr. Timberlake compared it with the type of brunniventris and thought them to be the same. This male specimen is the mir figured by Howard in the Insect Book, plate 4. figure 7, as ./. tc.vana. Comparison of the specimen with a female belfragei 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 loaned by the U. S. National Museum (from "Tex., Collection Belfrage") leaves little doubt that it is actually the male of this species. A. bcljragei belongs to a group of species related to Andrena carlini Cockerell, characterized by the perfect trochan- teral floccus of the female and the expanded tips of the parameres in the male genitalia ; otherwise, the group closely resembles the vicina series. The species is characterized in this group by the densely and strongly punctured abdominal terga ; it agrees with A. viburnella Graenicher in this respect, and further study may show viburnella to be only a darker (black instead of slightly red- dened) northern race of bcljragei. Monarch Butterfly Migrating in Botetourt County, Virginia By JOHN H. FALES, U. S. D. A., Agr. Res. Admin., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine At noon on September 28, 1941, while driving north on Route 1 1 about 5 miles from Roanoke, Virginia, we noted mon- arch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) flying across the high- way to the south. It was a clear day with a temperature of 90 F., and a southerly breeze was blowing. When we stopped we saw 25 butterflies in several minutes and in one 60-second period noted 6 crossing the roadway. Nine more crossed the highway in less than a minute. These insects flew at an alti- tude of 2 to 20 feet, crossing the highway at about 7 per minute at this point. This was at the rate of 420 per hour. A heavy migration was definitely in progress. As we continued our journey we saw numbers of dead mon- archs on the highway. At Troutville, Virginia, we counted 9 monarchs lying on the highway within a quarter of a mile. Proceeding northward to Natural Bridge and Lexington, Vir- ginia, we saw other monarchs in flight and on the highway. We saw several on Blue Ridge Mountain and on Mt. Long at an elevation of 2,000 feet or more. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69 Some Observations on Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) By P. W. FATTIG, Emory University, Emory University, Georgia On June 25, 1947, Professor J. T. Darlington took me about two miles from the Emory University campus to a beech tree on which he and Richard Smith had found two Megarhyssa inacnirus (Linn.) and one M. atrata (Fabr.) ovipositing on May 20th. Mr. Smith returned to this tree on May 30th and found four AI. macnirns and one M. atrata ovipositing. This tree was heavily infested with Megarhyssa and Treuic.i' colurnba (Linn.). I counted 217 emergence holes on the ex- posed, decayed portion, which was about three feet high, thirty inches wide at the ground and twelve inches wide at the top. On July 27th I observed a specimen emerge with the ovipos- itor separated into three pieces for nearly an inch. I was under the impression that there were only two sheaths and an ovipos- itor, not knowing that the ovipositor itself was made up of three valves. After this discovery, I worked about twenty hours trying to separate the ovipositors of nine specimens. I suc- ceeded in getting three specimens separated entirely, and two more almost entirely separated when one of the valves broke off. On August 4th I began marking the wings of twelve Mega- rhyssa atrata females with white duco paint. All of the marked specimens returned to the tree and oviposited at least twice, number 5 ovipositing twelve times, and number 8 nine times. Number 5 oviposited three times within three hours. Two large decayed roots about six inches apart, extending out from the base of the tree, gave a good chance to get many close-up views of the position and operation of the membrane within the sixth and seventh tergite in relation to the sheaths and ovipositor while the insects were inserting and withdrawing the ovipositor. I was able to get my eyes within six inches of the extended membrane, since Megarhyssa practically always oviposited with the head downward. The looped ovipositor ex- tends the membrane, with the two sheaths within the membrane 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar.. '49 during the drilling or inserting process ; then as the drilling nears completion, the circle formed by the sheaths becomes smaller and smaller until very little can be seen, when they give a sort of flip and appear on the outside of the membrane, with one sheath on either side. Thus, when the ovipositor is being inserted, the sheaths are on the inside of the membrane, but when withdrawing, the sheaths are on the outside. On April 30th, 1948, I painted twelve male and seven female M. atrata, and continued painting female M. atrata until May 12th, when I painted the eighteenth female. I saw all of the marked females return and oviposit except numbers 8 and 15. Number 2 oviposited only four times, while number 6 oviposited fifteen times until June 1st, when the observations were discon- tinued. I do not know how many times these marked speci- mens returned and oviposited while I was not observing the tree. On May 1st I observed three male M. atrata with about one- half inch of their abdomens inserted in one hole, with several other males trying to insert the end of their abdomens. About every 10 to 12 seconds the three males would give their wings and abdomen a quivering jerk. After fifteen minutes the three males withdrew their abdomens, and in two minutes a female M. atrata appeared at the entrance of the hole and crawled out ; thereupon one of the males mated with her at once. While this was going on there was another group of male M. atrata about one foot farther down on the tree, going through the same move- ments. The second female appeared twelve minutes later. I counted 32 males in the two groups, all being M. atrata, except 3 M . macrurus, and 2 M. greenei Vier. The males had become so tame that I was able to get within a foot or two of the tree without disturbing them. On May 2nd one male M. atrata began trying to insert its abdomen into a small hole in the wood at 7 :50 A.M., a second at 7:53, and a third at 7:58; one male withdrew his abdomen at 9 :00, a second at 9 :20, and a third at 9 :22 ; the head of a female M. atrata appeared at 9 :24, and she crawled out at 9 :28 and mated as soon as she was out of the hole, and apparently mated Ix, '49 I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 twice while crawling up the tree. There was great confusion amongst the 12 to 15 male M. atrata present. At 9:30 A.M., May 3rd. number 3 male M. atrata was ob- served with its entire body inserted in a hole with only the white painted tip of the wing exposed. He withdrew at 9 :47, and a female M. atrata crawled out of the hole at 9 :54, when another male mated with her. I also observed three other males with only the tip of the wing extending out the hole. I presume that these males were trying to enlarge the holes so that the females could emerge. At 12:30, May 3rd. I observed number 3 female M. atrata with her entire body inserted in a hole, with only about half of her wings protruding. The abdomen was withdrawn at 12:48. and the sheaths at 12 :53, the abdomen was again almost en- tirely inserted at 1 :16, and was not withdrawn at 2:00. when I had to leave the tree. At 3 :00. when I returned, the abdomen was again withdrawn, and at 3 :15 she inserted her abdomen for the third time. I also observed number 7 and number 10 with their entire bodies inserted with only the tips of their wings ex- posed ; and number 6 and number 9 with their entire bodies in- serted with the sheaths and the tips of their wings exposed. During 1948 Megarhyssa atrata (Fabr.) was the predomi- nant Megarhyssa at the beech tree. During July 1947 I col- lected 36 specimens of M. atrata, 32 of M. macrurus (Linn.) ; M. hinator (Fabr.), and 18 of M. greenei Vier. From July 20th to August 22nd, I collected 28 specimens of Trciuc.v co- luniba Linn, and saw many more while observing the Mega- rhyssa. They would emerge and drop to the ground amongst the beech leaves, and then almost at once they were off in a flash. I observed only one Tremex ovipositing, and this was at 6:00 A.M.; possibly I was late in getting out to the beech tree. Sometimes there were as many as fifteen female Megarhyssa on this tree at a time, with as many as nine ovipositing at one time. 1 wish to thank Dr. H. K. Townes for determining the Mctjarhyssa and Trcinc.r. and for criticizing the manuscript. 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 Notes on Two West Indian Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) By KARL V. KROMBEIN, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Agricultural Research Administration, United States Department of Agriculture Some years ago Mickel (Psyche, 35: 27, 1928), in a list of West Indian Mutillidae, assigned the Jamaican Sphaeroph- thahna cargilli Cockerell (Psyche (suppl.), 7: 16, 1895; 5) to Dasymutilla. A recent study of the type, in connection with the identification of two females submitted by C. Bernard Lewis, curator of the Science Museum of the Institute of Jamaica, shows that the species is more properly referrable to Pseudo- methoca (new combination), because of the large qviadrate head, elongate first flagellar segment, and absence of carinae delimit- ing a pygidial area. The erroneous assignment to Dasymutilla was undoubtedly due to the character of the first abdominal tergite, the apex of which has a somewhat diskiform appearance as in certain Dasymutilla. The species was omitted from Schuster's key (Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 40: 7, 1945) to West Indian Pseudouictlioca because of the erroneous generic assignment. The species is apparently closest to P. olgae Schuster from St. Croix, but is immediately separated from it and the other West Indian species by the broad ferruginous stripes laterally on the posterior part of the dorsum of the thorax, and by the almost totally ferruginous first abdominal segment. Eplmtopsis trinidadcnsis Ashmead is also omitted from Mickel's list of West Indian species, presumably because he argues (Bui. 143, U. S. Natl. Mus., p. 32, 1928) that it is in- valid since it was never described. I cannot agree with this interpretation, for Ashmead states (Canad. Ent., 36: 6, 1904), "Metathorax with the hind angles dentate, clothed with a dense silvery-white pubescence; scutellum bispined. (North and South America) . . . Ephutopsis Ashm., gen. nov. (Types E. trinidadensis Ashm., and M. odontoplwra Cam.)." These char- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73 acters serve as the specific as well as the generic description. The type, a male from Trinidad, West Indies, July 1899 (F. W. Urich), is before me, and is herewith placed in the genus Ephuta (new combination). Schuster (Rev. cle Ent., 16: 190, 1945) considers Ephutopsis to be at most a subgenus of Ephuta. If the former is valid, it must be used for the group containing odontophora, its genotype, whereas trinidadensis belongs to the group containing furcillata Mickel and forceps Schuster. The following brief notes will serve to amplify Ashmead's description of trinidadensis and aid in its identification. It ap- pears closest to the Cuban furcillata Mickel, agreeing with that species in the hyaline wings with infumated apical margins, the absence of black pubescence and the presence of a pair of teeth on the scutellum and a median tooth on lateral margin of dor- sum of propodeum. The following points of difference from furcillata are apparent from Mickel's description of that species (Psyche, 35: 25-6, 1928) : Length 6.2 mm.; seventh sternite creamy on basal half ; second sternite without an apical band of silvery hairs, these present only laterally ; first segment of flagel- lum three-fourths the length of second (almost equal in furcillata) ', front and vertex with coarse, contiguous punctures (moderate scattered ones with granular interspaces in furcil- lata) ', second tergite with circular, subcontiguous punctures (elongate ones in jurcillata}. Review INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION. By Edgar Anderson. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Chapman & Hall, Limited, London. 1949. Pp. ix + 109. Price, $3.00. A good new name for an old concept often serves both to advertise and to integrate the idea. "Introgressive hybridiza- tion" has been practiced by plant and animal breeders and has been recognized as at least a partial explanation for variation in natural species since early times. It was not until 1938 that the name was given in an article by Anderson and Hubricht 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 (Am. J. Botany, 25:396-402) in which the process was spe- cifically discussed. As an example drawn from animal breeding, a dominant trait occurring in one breed may be transferred to a second breed by crossing followed by grading. The first generation hybrids are backcrossed to the second breed, their progeny showing the desired trait are selected and again backcrossed, and this process is continued until the mongrels come more and more to resemble the "recurrent" parental breed, except for the desired trait which is retained each generation by selection. In poultry, colors may be thus transferred from one breed to another. As a natural process, white spotting or other markings may thus infiltrate into a wolf population after crossing with dogs and the recessives blue eyes or red hair of white human stock may be transferred to the negro race, cropping out after many generations, as if by mutation. Dr. Anderson's book deals with plant material under "nat- ural conditions," that is outside the laboratory and the breeding plot. These conditions include not only normal habitats to which the organisms are adapted and which tend to keep races or species distinct, but also abnormal environments due to fires, floods or hurricanes or to human activities producing clearings, dumps and garbage piles, as niches in which "hybrid swarms" may develop with new combinations of characters segregating after crossing. As a typical example of introgression, a summary is given (Chapter 1) of the results of intensive studies of variation in Irises in the Mississippi delta after natural crossing of two widely distinct species. Man has there "hybridized the habitat" giving an opportunity for an appreciable number of segregating types to survive. The Ecological Basis (Chapter 2) and The Genetic Basis (Chapter 3) of Introgression are discussed. Normal environ- ment and normal heredity tend toward keeping races and species distinct but permitting a small amount of genie flow after crossing. Several pages are devoted to the cohesive Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 75 effect of genetic linkage. Here the reader will find some rather obscure mathematics, which, in the opinion of the re- viewer, might better have been either more fully elaborated or else omitted. As it stands, it appears somewhat unconvincing since some of the premises are apparently made up to suit the case and there are errors at least of omission in the line of argument. The general thesis that linkage has a cohesive effect, is, however, sound. The author fails to mention several genetic factors other than linkage that may be equally significant as cohesive agents. The section on Character Association as a Criterion of Hybridity should be of interest and value. Introgression in Finite Populations (Chapter 4) gives us more mathematics, which is here clearly, adequately and convincingly presented. The discussion of Introgression and Evolution (Chapter 5) is sound and critical and is treated in such a way that the ideas may be readily grasped. The general conclusions should be of interest to entomologists and the Special Techniques (Chapter 6) may well find application to a study of introgression among insects and other animals. The bibliography is mostly botanical. The noteworthy bio- metrical studies of Alpatov on races of honey bees are cited. These indicate speciation rather than mutation and should furnish the basis for further work of both practical and theo- retical importance. As an Epilogue the author modestly states "How important is introgressive hybridization? I do not know." Bizarre hy- brid swarms are probably less significant than the wide dis- persal of introgressive genes. He emphasizes the paradox "Introgression is of the greater biological significance, the less is the impact apparent to casual inspection/' The reviewer highly recommends the book to entomologists who are interested in the broad biological aspects of their sub- ject. Those who find the mathematics too difficult can skip it. For those who find it intriguing, an elucidating appendix would have been helpful. P. W. WHITING 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY RAYMOND Q. BLISS AND R. G. SCHMIEDER. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the year 1949 unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For other records of general literature and for economic literature see the Bibliography of Agriculture, Washington, and the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on medical entomology see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ J refer to the journal in which the paper ap peared. as numbered in the List of periodicals and serials published in our January and June issues. The number of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL Anscombe, F. J. On estimating- the popu- lation of aphids in a potato field. [4] 35: 567-71. 1948. Balduf, W. V. Clell Lee Metcalf, 1888-1948. (Obit.) [37] 41 : 997-98, ill., 1948. Beebe, W. y J. Crane Ecologia de Rancho Grande, una selva nublada subtropical en el norte de Venezuela. [Bol. Soc. Venez. Cien. Nat.] 11: 217-68, 1948. Benjamin, A. C. On defining- science. |81] 68: 192-98. Borgmeier, T. Hermann Scbmitz, SJ. (Obituary with portrait.) [102] 19: 587. Alfonso Dampf, 1884-1948. (Obituary with portrait.) Ibid., pp. 588-89. Oscar Monte, 1895-1948. (Obituary.) Ibid., pp. 589-90. Broadbent, L. Methods of recording aphid populations for use in re- search on potato virus disease. [4] 35 : 551-66, 1948. Eyer, J. R. Fabian Garcia. 1871-1948. (Obit.) [37] 41 : 1000- 01, 1948, ill. Hood, J. D. J. Douglass Hood: Bibliography of scientific papers. [102] 19 : 499-508, 1948. Judd, W. W. Insects collected in the Dundas Marsh, Hamilton, Ontario. 1946-47, with observations on their periods of emergence. [23] 81 : 1-10. Isely and Alexander Analysis of insect food habits by crop examination. [80] 109: 115-16. Mac- Nay, C. G. -A summary of the more important insect in- festations and occurrences in Canada in 1947. [78th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario] pp. 71-89, 1948. Martin, L. M.- Jeane Daniel Gunder (1888-1948). (Obituary.) [Lep. News] 2: 105, 1948. M., P. F. John William Scott Macfie. (Obituary.) [30] 82 : 21. Reed", L. L. Distribution of the European elm disease in Canada in 1947. [78th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario] pp. 8-10, 1948. Remington, J. E. Brief Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77 Biographies. 17. Supplementary notes on John Abbot. [Lep. News] 2: 108, 1948. R.,' N. D. Otto Bang-Haas. (Obituary.) [30] 82 : 22. Silver, J. C Embedding beetles in plastic. U. S. D. A. Agr. Res. Adm. B.E.P.Q., ET-263. Nov. 1948. Thorp, J. Effects of certain animals that live in soils. [81] 68: 180-91. Van Dine and Hoyt Ulphian Carr Loftin, 1890-1946. (Obit.) [37] 41 : 999-1000. 1948. ill. Vaurie, C. and P. Vaurie Insect collecting in Guate- mala 65 years after Champion. [45] 57: 1-18. Weiss, H. B. Entomologists as human beings. [45] 57: 50. First scientific bibliography. Ibid.: 66. Entomology denned in 1835. Ibid.: 66. Wilhelm, J. O. Research organization in Ontario. [78th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario] pp. 6-7, 1948. M. de W., C. G. Benaiah Whitley Adkin. (Obituary.) [30] 82: 22. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Abdel- Malek, A. The biology of Aedes trivittatus. [37] 41 : 951- 54, 1948. Ainley and Sexton Chemical constitution and insecticidal action. 2. Substituted a-aminonitriles. [Bio- chem. Jour.] 43: 468-74, 1948. Arnett, R. H. The ab- dominal morphology of male Sessinia decolor (Oedemer.). [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 9-12. Bonnemaison, L. Influence de- predateurs et des parasites sur 1'apparition des formes ailees de Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Aphid). [C. R. Acad. Sci.. Paris] 227:' 1415-17, 1948. Capart, A. Le Lernaeocera branchialis (Crust.). [La Cellule] 52: 158-212, 1948, ill. Davies and Sexton Chemical constitution and insecticidal action. 1. Organic sulphur compounds. [Biochem. Jour.] 43 : 461-67, 1948. Downs and Baker Experiments in cross- ing Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. [80] 109: 200-01. Dutt, M. K. A cytological investigation on the genus Phloeoba (Acrididae). [Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci., India) 14: 1-12, ill., 1948. Ferguson and Pirie The toxicity of vapors to the grain weevil. [4] 35: 532-50, 1948. Golberg and DeMeillon The nutrition of the larvae of Aedes aegypti. 3. Lipid requirements. [Biochem. Jour.] 43: 372-79, 1948. 4. Protein and animo-acid requirements. Ibid.: 379-87. Guareschi, C. Richerche sui cromosomi giganti delle ghiandole della larva di Chironomus plumosa e di altri Dit- teri. [Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Memorie, Cl. Sci. fis., mat. e nat.] Ser. 8, 1 : 116-79, ill.. 1947. Hamon, R. M. et Ch. Bois- son Le tissu secreteures des corpora cardiaca de Bacillus rossi Fab. (Phasmid).- [Bui. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Afr. du Nord.] 38: 58-62, ill. Hitchcock, J. D.A rare gregarin.' parasite of the adult honey bee. [37] 41: 854-58, 1948. 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 Hovanitz, W. Change of host preference in Colias philo- dice. [37] 41: 980-81, 1948. La Face, L. La mosca do- mestica, la sua importanza come vettore di malattie e la possibile esistenza di pin razze nell'ambito della specie. [Riv. di Parassit.] 9: 199-222, 1948. Lord, K. A. The contact toxicity of a number of DDT analogues and of four isomers of benzene hexachloride to Macrosiphoniella san- borni (Aphid.) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Cucuj.). [4] 35: 505-26, 1948. Mahdihassan, S. Bacterial origin of muscle pigment in the cicada. [102] 19: 585-86, 1948. Manunta, C. Sul metabolismo dell'azoto in Bombyx mori. III. L'acido allantoinico durante lo sviluppo larvale nella razza bivoltina Awojiku. [Atti Accad. Naz. dei Lincei, ser. 8, Rend. Cl. Sci. fis.. mat. e nat.] 4: 117-21, 1948. IV. Ricerca degli enzimi allointoicasi ed allantoinasi nei bachi da seta durante lo sviluppo larvale. Ibid.: 211-14: Man- unta, C. e Morittu I pigmenti caratenoidi nella doriflora delle patate (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) . Ibid.: 11516. Millaria, P. Recherches sur les organes scolopidiaux de la base des antennas. [Bui. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. d'Afr. du Nord] 38: 33-44, ill., 1947. Moggridge, T. J. Night activity of tsetse (Glossina) on the Kenya coast. [68] 23 : 87-92. 1948. Natvig, L. R. Culicini. Contributions to the knowledge of the Danish and Fennoscandian mosquitoes. [Norsk Ent. Tidssk.] Suppl. 1 : 1-157, ill., 1948. Pryor, M. G. M. Hard- ness and colour of insect cuticle. [68] 23 : 9697, ill., 1948. Ris, H. The anaphase movement of chromosomes in the spermatocytes of the grasshopper. [12] 96: 90-106. Roth, L. M. A study of mosquito behavior. [1] 40: 265-352, 1948. Schwann, H. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Atmung holometaboler Insekten wahrend der Metamorphose. [10] 32 : 1-15, 1940. Sevastopulo, D. G. The colour relationship between certain pupae and their surroundings. [68] 23 : 93-95, 1948. Severin and Tompkins Aphid transmission of mild mosaic virus of annual stock. [Hilgardia] 18: 539- 52, 1948. Simmonds, F. J. The influence of maternal physiology on the incidence of diapause. [Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. ser. B] 233 (603): 385-414, 1948. Stafford and Barnes Biology of the fig scale in California. [Hilgardia] 18: 567-98, 1948. Steinhaus, E. A. Polyhedrosis (wilt- disease) of the alfalfa caterpillar. [37] 41 : 859-65, 1948. Stringer, A. Relation between bioassay systems and the values found for toxicity of DDT. [4] 35: 527-31, 1948. Verolini, F. Azione del DDT sull'epitelio intestinale di larve di culicine. [Riv. di Parassit.] 9: 237-44, 1948. Ix. '49 I EXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Brues, C. T. The distribution of Onycophora in New Guinea and neighboring islands. [73] 55: 181-83, 1948. Cunliffe, F. Hirstiella pelaezi, a new lizard parasite from Mexico (Acarina, Pterygosom.). [65J 51: 25-26. Madsen, H. F. Pedicu- loides ventricosus, a predatory mite attacking the bud moth. [37] 41 : 984-85, 1948. Soares e Camargo Algunos novos salticidas do Brasil (Araneae). [Ill] 8: 421-43, 1948. SMALLER ORDERS Bailey, N. S. Another record for Mantispa interrupta (Neurop.). [73] 55: 183, 1948. Banks, N. Chrysopidae (Notochrysiclae) collected in Mex- ico by Dr. A. Dampf (Neuroptera). [73] 55: 151-77 (k*), ill., 1948. Eichler, W. Acutifrons chimango, nova species Mallophagorum. [102] 19: 581-83, ill., 1948. Hubbard, C. A. Fleas in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. [23] 81 : 11-12 (*). Kennett, C. E. Defense mechanism exhibited by larvae of Chrysopa californica (Neuroptera). [60] 24: 209-11, 1948. Rehn, J. A. G.- Dermaptera records from various Pacific islands. [83] 74: 165-71 (*), ill., 1948. Smart, J. Lice. [Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Econ. Ser.] No. 2A, pp. 1-31. Thompson, G. B. A list of type-hosts of the Mallophaga and the lice described from them. [6] 12 ser. 1 : 335-68, 1948. Werneck, F. L.- Notas sobre o genero Enderleinellus (Anoplura). [Mem. Inst. O. Cruz] 48: 281-305, ill. (*), 1948. ORTHOPTERA Bragg, A. N. Observations on the life-history of Pseudacris triseriata in Oklahoma. [Was- mann Collector] 7: 149-68, 1948. Gallaway, H. E. Mel- anoplus occidentalis occidentalis, a range species of grass- hopper in Nevada. [37] 41 : 925-27, 1948. Golding, F. D.- The Acrididae of Nigeria. [88] 99: 517-87, 18 maps, 1948. Rehn, J. A. G. Descriptions of new, and critical notes on previously known, species of African Manteidae (Orth.). [83] 74: 187-224. ill. Ris, H. (See under Anatomy.) HEMIPTERA Ainley and Sexton (See under Anat- omy.) Anscombe, F. J. (See under General.) Barber, H. G. Some new Lvgaeidae chiefly from the United States. [60] 24 : 201-06, 1948.' Bonnemaison, L. (See under Anat- omy.) Boyce, H. R. Parasites of the Comstock mealybug in Ontario. [78th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario] pp. 68-70. 1948. Broadbent, L. (See under General.) Carvalho, J. C. M. Miridcos neotropicais. XXXV: Generos "Cor- covadocola" n.g. "Guanabarea" n.g. e "Caulotops." |1H] 8: 525-33, 1948. Davies and Sexton (See under Anat- 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '49 omy.) Drake, C. J. American Tingidae. [102] 19: 429- 36 (*), 1948. Drake, C. J. and J. C. M. Carvalho Concern- ing South American Saldidae. [102] 19: 473-79, 1948. Fennah, R. S. New Pintaliinae, Cixiidae, Kinnaridae and Tropiduchidae from the Lesser Antilles (Fulgorids). [6] 12 ser. 1 : 417-37, ill. (k), 1948. Gomes, J. G. (See under Hymenoptera.) Legrand, J.-J. Sur la realization du dis- positif d'accrochage des hemelytres au thorax chez Noto- necta. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 227: 1413-15, ill., 1948. Lord, K, A. (See under Anatomy.) Mahdihassan, S. (See under Anatomy.) McConnell, H. S. A new North American species of Pulvinaria (Homo. Cocc.). [65] 51: 29-34. Poos and Wheeler Some additional host plants of three species of leafhoppers of the genus Empoasca (Cicadell.). [65] 51 : 35-38. Richardson, H. H. Present status of the citrus blackfly and its parasite Eretmocerus serius at Nassau, Bahamas. [37] 41 : 980, 1948. Severin and Tompkins (See under Anatomy.) Stafford and Barnes (See under Anatomy.) Wygodzinsky, P. Sobre algunos Reduviidae de regiao Amazonica. [102] 19: 557- 64, ill., 1948. LEPIDOPTERA Austen, E. E. and A. W. McK. Hughes Clothes moths and house moths, their life history and control. [Brit. Mus. Econ. Ser.] No. 14: 1-28, 1948. Brown, F. M. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Pierella (Satyrid). [31] 49-87 (k), ill., 1948. Box, H. E. Report upon specimens of Diatraea in the Paris museum with descriptions of new species from Brasil (Pyral.). [102] 19: 419-22, ill., 1948. Chermock, F. H. and D. F. Frechin A new race of Incisalia eryphon from Washington (Lycaenid). [60] 24: 212, 1948. Darlington, E. P. Notes on some North American Lepidoptera reared on sweet fern (Comptonia asplenifolia) with descriptions of new species. [83] 74: 173-85, ill. Freeman, T. N. The correction of a genotypic citation for the genus Choristoneura. [23] 81 : 10. Hovanitz, W. (See under Anatomy.) Madsen, H. F. -(See under Anatomy.) Manunta, C. (See under Anat- omy.) Munroe, E. A new genus of Nymphalidae and its affinities. [45] 57: 67-78. Nabokov, V. A new species of Cyclargus (Lycaenidae). [30] 81: 273-80, ill., 1948. Remington, C. L. Some needs of N. American lepidop- terology. [Lep. News] 2: 101, 1948. Summary of a "Re- vision of the amber Lepidoptera" by N. J. Kusorezow. (135 pp., 31 pis., fidition de L'Academie des Sciences de 1'Urss, Moscow, 1941.) Ibid.: 104. Rupert, L. R. A re- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 vision of the Xorth American species of the genus Plagodis (Geometr.). [45] 57: 19-49 (*). Sevastopulo, D. G. (See under Anatomy.) Steinhaus, E. A. (See under Anatomy.) Travassos, L. Contribuicao do conhecimento dos "Arc- tiidae" XVI. [Ill] 8: 493-504, 1948. Viette, P. Les Ophideres du Pacifique (Noctuid). [Rev. Fr. d'Ent.] 15: 209-20, 1948. DIPTERA Abdel-Malek, A. (See under Anatomy.) Ainley and Sexton (See under Anatomy.) Alexander, C. P. Notes on tropical American species of Tipulidae. V. The specialized Hexatomini : Limnophila, Shannonomyia, Gynoplistia, Hexatoma, Atarba, Elephantomyia and allies. 1 1*02] 19: 509-56, 1948. Bailey, N. S. Hovering males of Hybomitra cincta (Tabanid). [73] 55: 178-80. 1948. Brooks, A. R. New North American larvaevorine flies. [23] 81 : 21-24. Carrera, M. Sobre o genero Lycomyia (Asilidae). [102] 19: 423-28, ill., 1948. Carrera, M. e M. A. V. d'Andretta Descrigap de um novo genero de My- daidae do Chile e redescrigao do gen. Megascelus (Apio- ceratidae). [102] 19: 489-97, ill., 1948. Davies, D. M.- Variation in taxonomic characters of some Simuliidae. [23] 81 : 18-21. Davies and Sexton (See under Anatomy.) Downs and Baker -(See under Anatomy.) Golberg and DeMeillon (See under Anatomy.) Hafez, M. Ecological and biological observations on some coprophagous Sepsidae. [68] 23: 9-104, ill., 1948. Hardy, D. E. New and little known Diptera from the California Academy of Science collection. [Wasmann Collector] 7: 129-37, ill.. 1948. Harvey, J. M. The ecology of an Itonidid fly associated with a rust on Baccharis pilularis consanguinea. [60] 24: 194-200, 1948. Huckett, H. C. The subgenus Pycno- glossa Coquillett in North America, genus Hvlemyia sens. lat. (Muse.). [45] 57: 51-65 (k*). Hull, " F. M. The genus Baccha from the New World (Syrph.). [27] 27: 89-291. 1947 (k*). Kessel, E. L. New species of Callomyia from California (Clythiidae). [Wasmann Collector] 7: 139-48, 1948. La Face, L. (See under Anatomy.) Lane, J. Ceroplatinae da regiao neotropical (Mycetophilid). [ 102] 19 : 437-58 (*), ill., 1948. Lane, J. and O." P. Forattini -Duas novas especies de Bibionellus Edw. (Bibionid). [102] 19: 568-74 (k). ill.. 1948. Malloch, J. R. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part VI. Brachyura (Cy- clorrh.) (Aschiza and Acalyptrata) (Contents and index) Brit. Mus., London, 1929-48. Pt. VI, fasc. 6, Acalyptrata. 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar./ '49 Key to the families, pp. 491-99. Pt. VII. Cyclorrhapha (Calyptrata). (Contents and index) 385-89. Masters, C. O. A study of the adult mosquito population of a northern Ohio woods. [58] 49: 12-14. Moggridge, T. J. (See un- der Anatomy.) Natvig, L. R. (See under Anatomy.) Palmer, R. G. Apple maggot emergence in western New York. [37] 41 : 993, 1948. Penn, G. H. The pupae of mosquitoes of New Guinea. [Pacific Science] 3: 3-85 (k), ill., 1948. Peters, J. A. The box turtle as a host for dipter- ous parasites. [1] 40: 472-74, 1948. Reed, D. M. Mos- quito records from Wyoming and Yellowstone National Park. [60] 24: 181-88, 1948. Ricciardi, I. Sobre a mar- cagao negra basal do 2 tarso posterior do "Anopheles (Nys- sorhynchus) darlingi" e do "Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis." [Ill] 8: 535-39, 1948. Roth, L. M. (See under Anatomy.) Sabrosky, C. W. Leptocera lutosa, a complex of Nearctic species (Sphaerocerat.). [65] 51: 1- 24 (k*). Severinghaus, C. W. Occurrence of a botfly larva (Cuterebra) in white-tailed deer. [Jour. Mammalogy] 30: 75. Verolini, F. (See under Anatomy.) Wilkins, O. P. Recovery of the mosquito, Culiseta inornata from dry ma- terial. [65] 51: 27-28. COLEOPTERA Ainley and Sexton (See under Anat- omy.) Anon. Carpet beetles. [Brit. Mus. Econ. Leaflets] No. 8: 1-3. 1948. Arnett, R. H. (See under Anatomy.) Benesh, B. Sphoenognathus curvipes (Col., Lucanidae), a new species from Bolivia. [Ann. Carnegie Mus.] 31: 45-47, ill., 1948. Blackwelder, R. E. and R. M.- Fifth supplement corrigenda. (To the Leng Catalogue.) [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 15-16. Cameron, M. New species of Mexican Staphylinidae. [Rev. Fr. d'Ent.] 15: 223, 1948. Chamberlin, F. S. Microtheca ochroloma, an introduced pest of crucifers, found in Alabama. [37] 41 : 979-80, 1948. Fattig, P. W. The Carabidae or ground beetles of Georgia. Emory Univ. Mus. Bull. 7 : 1-62. ^Fender, K. M. Beetles in drift. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 5-6. Ferguson and Pirie (See under Anatomy.) Hatch and Tanasse The liberation of Hippodamia convergens in the Yakima Valley of Wash- ington. 1943 to 1946. [37] 41 : 993, 1948. Hicks, S. D.- A note on the occurrence of Cleonus piger, a European weevil, near Ottawa, Ontario [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 7. Knowlton and Houck A nitidulid beetle infesting sweet corn. [37] 41 : 990-91. 1948. Linsley, E. G. A hollyhock leaf miner new to North America (Bupres.). [37] 41 : 990, Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83 1948. Lord, K. A. (See under Anatomy.) Malkin, B.- A new Attains from western United States (Malachid). [60] 24: 207-08, ill., 1948. Manunta e Morittu (See under Anatomy.) Maulik, S. Early stages and habits of Sindia clathrata (Chrysomel.). [6] 12 ser. 1 : 368-71, 1948. Ochs, G. Checklist of neotropical Gyrinoidea. [102] 19: 565-67, 1948. Pic, M. Nouveaux Hydrophilides de la Bolivia. [Rev. Fr. d'Ent.] 15: 234-35' 1948. Reed, L. L. (See under General.) Schedl, K. E. On some new r neotropical Scolytidae. [102] 19: 575-79, ill., 1948. Stringer, A.- (See under Anatomy.) Watkins, S. G. The distribution of Molorchus in Califo'rnia (Cerambycid). [60] 24: 206, 1948. Webster Kay, R. G. Phanaeus menelas not Ph. splendidu- lus (Scarab). [102] 19: 418. HYMENOPTERA Borgmeier, T. Zur Kenntnis der bei Eciton lebenden myrmekophilen Histeriden. [102] 19: 377-400, ill., 1948. Einige Ameisen aus Argentinian. Ibid.: 459-71 (*), ill. Boyce, H. R. (See under Hemiptera.) Brockhuysen, G. J. The brown house ant (Ph. mega- cephala) in South Africa. [U. S. Afr. Dept. Agr. Ent. Ser.] No. 18: 1-40, ill. Gomes, J. G. Acmopolynema hervali n. sp. (Chalcidoidea, Mvmar.) parasito de ovos de Tomaspis liturata (Cercopid.)/ [Ill] 8: 417-20, 1948 (S). Hitch- cock, J. D. (See under Anatomy.) Kato, M. On the nectar-cropping activity of an andrenid, Halictus katoi (in lit.) widely distributed on Mt. Hakkoda. [Sci. Rpts. To- hoku Imp. Iniv. 4 ser. (Biol.)] 17: 159-65, 1943. Middle- kauff, W. M. A new species of Sirex from California. [60] 24: 189-90, ill., 1948. Neto, P. N. Notas bionomicas sober meliponineos. I. Sobre a ventilacao dos ninhos e as con- strucoes com ela relacionadas (Apoidea). [Ill] 8: 465- 88, 1948. Richardson, H. H. (See under Hemiptera.) Scullen, H. A. New r species in the genus Eucerceris with notes on recorded species and a revised key to the genus. [60] 24: 165-80, ill., 1948. Smith, M. R. A new species of Probolomyrmex from Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone (Formic.). [65] 51: 38-40. Smith, R. W. Collyria cal- citrator an important parasite of Cephus pygmaeus in Europe established in Ontario. [78th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario] pp. 39-44, 1948. Wing, M. W. A new Formica from northern Maine, with a discussion of its supposed type of social parasitism. [23| 81 : 1317. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wasps (Vespoidea, Sphecoidea, Chrysidoidea) of the world by ex- change or purchase. Will collect other orders in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N.W., Washington 11, D. C. Lepidoptera -Large quantities of Plexippus, Colias, Cardui, Vanil- lae wanted for cash or exchange for tropical butterflies. G. Mac- Bean, 710 Miller Rd., Sea Island, Vancouver, B. C. Ants of the tribe Dacetini (Strumigcnys, Rhopalotliri.v and related genera) wanted for world revision. W. L. Brown, Jr., Harvard Uni- versity Biological Laboratories, Cambridge 38, Mass. Mallophaga (on which immediate determination is not necessary) wanted for study and determination. R. L. Edwards, Dept. Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. Tingidae (Heteroptera) of the world wanted, in alcohol, with host and other ecological data. Will collect other orders in exchange. N. S. Bailey, 16 Neponset Ave., Hyde Park 36, Mass. Bombidae, nearctic and neotropical, wanted for exchange, identi- fication, or purchase. Will exchange in other groups for bumblebees. Earth Maina, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111. Saturnidae of the world. Will purchase individual specimens or cocoons. F. E. Rutkowski, St. Bede College, Peru, Illinois, U. S. A. Butterflies of New England, principally from New Haven, Conn., for exchange. Louis Clarke, 28 W. Elm St., New Haven 15, Conn. ^ Wanted Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vols. 1-6; Proc. Cal. Acad. (Nat.) Sci., 1-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1-20; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1-10; Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci.. 1-5; Psyche, 11, 13, 15; Ent. Amer. n.s., 7-26. C. F. dos Passes, Mendham, N. J. Miridae (Capsidae) American species wanted, with locality labels, in exchange for British species. D. Leston, F.R.E.S., 6 Frognal Rise, London N. W. 3, England. W. S. Blatchley Books for Sale Rhyncophora of N. E. America, 1916, 682 pp., Paper $4.00 Orthoptera of N. E. America, 1920, 784 pp.. Paper 5.00 Heteroptera of E. N. America, 1926, 1116 pp., Cloth 10.00 Coleoptera of Indiana, when available 50.00 Address Librarian, Blatchley Nature Study Club, Noblesville, Indiana. For the Entomologist WARD'S Complete Line of Equipment Over three-quarters of a century have been devoted in service to the Natural Sciences by Ward's. Ento- mologists look to and rely on Ward's with complete confidence for equipment, additional specimens of rare and common varieties, and helpful advice when necessary. Free specimen and equipment catalogs available on request Naturai Science Establishment, Inc. SefivUuj, tlte. ft&Utted SciettceA Sittce. 1863. 3000 Ridge Road East Rochester 9, New York U/ A DIVC I Mil !/ O Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By 1'aul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1138. Cresson (E. T., Jr.) A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the neotropical Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Notiphilinae (73: 35-61, 1947) $ .90' 1142. A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the Ethiopian Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Noti- philinae (73: 105-124, 1947) 50 HYMENOPTERA 1137. Pate (V. S. L.) The Pemphilidine wasps of the Caribbees (73: 1-33, 1 pi., 1947) 85 COLEOPTERA 1145. Dillon (L. S. & E. S.) The tribe Dorcaschematini (Coleop- tera: Cerambycidae) (73: 173-298, 6 pis., 1947) 3.45 1139. Green (J. W.) New Eastern Amer. sp. of Podabrus (73: 63-76, figs., 1947) 35 1144. Robinson (M.) Two new spp. of Scarabaeidae (73: 169- 171, 1947) 20 1146. A review of the genus Phanaeus inhabiting the United States (73: 299-305, 1947) 20 LEPIDOPTERA 1141. Darlington (E. P.) Notes on certain types of Lepidoptera described by Brackenridge Clemens (73: 85-104, 1947) ... .50 1140. Williams (J. L.) The anatomy of the internal genitalia of Fumea Casta Pallas (73: 77-84, figs., 1947) 20 TRICHOPTERA 1143. Ross (H. H.) Descriptions and records of No. Amer. Tri- choptera, with synoptic notes (73: 125-168, 7 pis., 1947) .. 1.40 ODONATA 1147. Needham (J. G.) Studies on the No. Amer. spp. of the genus Gomphus (Odonata) (73: 307-339, fig., 1 pi., 1947) 85 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS APRIL 1949 Vol. LX No. 4 ,3. ' U.S. NATL, CONTENTS Calvert Ezra Townsend Cresson, Junior 85 Bibliography of Ezra Townsend Cresson, Junior Brown Ants from the Mackensie River^L}f3TJyw FsTTr"*^' ' ' ' Chu Melon aphicls on roots /^ *"/zN ^^ Crabill European centipede L ^ KrJ^-.'V. IY7.9 / 101 Personals ^N^VOp/AL-W^^^- ^ Current Entomological Literature 102 Review A century of entomology in the Northwest 110 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $4.00 domestic; $4.30 foreign; $4.15 Canada. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, embodied in paragraph 4, Sec. 538, P. L. & R., authorized April 19, 1943. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : E. J. F. MARX, M. E. PHILLIPS, J. A. G. REHN, and A. G. RICHARDS. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers: Domestic, $4.00; Foreign, $4.30; Canada, $4.15 U. S. Currency. SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISEMENTS: All communications and remittances to be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. 1 Inch 2 Inches 3 Inches 6 Inches One Issue $ 2.50 $ 4.50 $ 6.50 $10.00 Five Issues 9.00 17.00 24.00 42.00 Ten Issues 16.00 30.00 42.00 72.00 MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be ad- dressed to R. G. Schmieder, Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4, Pa. 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LX APRIL, 1949 No. 4 Ezra Townsend Cresson, Junior Three members of the Cresson family have won commem- oration in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS : Ezra Townsend Cresson ( 1838-1926), l hymenopterist and co-founder of the Entomo- logical Society of Philadelphia (name changed to the American Entomological Society in 1867), and his sons, George Bring- hurst Cresson ( 1859-1919), - collector of ants, curator of in- sects at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1880- 81, 1886-89, and librarian of the Entomological Society, 1892- 96, and Ezra Townsend Cresson, Jr. (1876-1948), dipterist, associate curator of insects (1908-47) at the Academy, corres- ponding secretary (1932-47), librarian (to 1947) and honorary member (October 23, 1947) of the Society. Ezra Townsend Cresson, Jr., was born in Philadelphia, De- cember 18, 1876, and died at Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. April 8, 1948. His mother was Mary Ann Ridings, daughter of James Rid- ings, co-founder of the Entomological Society, an active collector of insects at Philadelphia, in Colorado, Kansas, Georgia and Virginia. Ezra Junior, therefore, could have received ento- mological genes from both of his parents and his home life could not have lacked environmental encouragement for their activity. In 1881 the Cresson family moved from Philadelphia to Ard- more, and in 1883 to Swarthmore. both in Pennsylvania. From his home in the latter, Ezra Junior attended successively Hilldale Cottage School (Miss Richard's) near Rutledge, Oakdale . NEWS 37 (6) : 161-3, pi. vi (portrait), Juno. 1926. Science 54 (321) : 8-9, July 2, 1926. Trans. Amer. Knt. Sue. 52, Supplement: i-lxiii, 2 portraits, 1928. - KNT. NEWS 30 (1) : 29-30, Jan., 1920. . 1949 (85) 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, '49 School, the Friends' School in Media and the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia. Mrs. Helen J. Tavenner, Reg- istrar of the Institute, has kindly informed us that according to their records "Ezra T. Cresson, Jr., of Swarthmore, Pennsyl- vania, was enrolled as a student at Drexel Institute from Feb- ruary, 1896, until June, 1897, and from February, 1898, until June, 1898. He pursued courses in mechanical drawing, mechanics, shop work and machine construction. He did not receive a certificate or diploma" (Letter of Jan. 21, 1949). After leaving the Institute, he was employed by the George V. Cresson 3 Company, power transmitting machinery, general machinery and founders, whose main office and works were at 18th Street and Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, and sub- sequently by the Morse Elevator Works, Morse, Williams & Company, with office at 1105 Frankford Avenue (later West End Trust Building), works at Frankford Avenue, Wildey and Shackamaxon Streets. The Morse Elevator Works were taken over by Otis Brothers & Company, in the same line of manu- facture, and Cresson went with them. He became a life member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. October 17, 1905, and of the American Ento- mological Society, December 28, 1905, and was elected librarian of the latter body in 1906. The NEWS for October, 1907 (page 363) has a note that "Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr will visit the western part of the United States this fall. He is making a study of the Diptera and is especially interested in Muscidae." In the issue for February, 1908 (page 55) is the further note that he was "working upon the Dipterous family Ephydridae and would like to examine all the material possible, native or exotic. Present address, -141 Locksley Avenue, Oakland, Cali- fornia." He lived also for a time at Berkeley Hills, California. Thanks to Mr. Thomas B. Steel, Registrar of the University of California at Berkeley, we learn "that Ezra Townsend Cresson, Jr., was admitted to the University of California in January, 1908, as a special student in the College of Natural Sciences. He attended until May, 1908, for one semester. His courses 3 George V. Cresson was a distant relative. Ix, '49 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 were taken primarily in Entomology" (Letter of Feb. 8, 1949). In 1908 Charles William Woodworth was associate professor of entomology at the University and some of us recall Cresson's speaking of association with him. After his return from the west, he lived continuously in Swarthmore, his home being at 11 Amherst Avenue in his last years. On October 27, 1910, he was elected associate editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS and remained on the editorial staff until his death. He edited the Transactions and the Memoirs of the Society from 1926 to 1945. We do not know whether the same consideration greater activity in the abandoned field which led his father to transfer his chief attention from Coleoptera to Hymenoptera, induced the son to devote himself to the Diptera rather than to the Hymenoptera. Cresson left a typed list o Lepidoptera, is a synonym of Microbracon lichctor (Say), and (113) ,, 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 H. brevicornis, a natural parasite of the European Corn-Borer, Pyrausta nubilalis Huebner, is a synonym of Microbracon brevicornis (Wesmael) according to Muesbeck (1925). In a recent letter (March 4, 1949) Muesebeck informs me that "Habrobracon pectinophorae Watanabe was described in 1935 (Insecta Matsumurana, vol. 10 (1 and 2), p. 44). The type series which is deposited in the Hokkaido Imperial Uni- versity, Sapporo, Japan, was reared from Pectinophora yossypi- ella (Saund.), the pink bollworm." In an earlier letter (July 30, 1948) Muesebeck states: "I examined the series of Habro- bracon pectinophorae Watanabe rather carefully but I found no basis whatever for distinguishing this sample from what we have long known as Microbracon hcbctor (Say). It is only natural to expect a parasite of such cosmopolitan Lepidoptera as the Indian-meal moth and the various species of Ephestia and Sito- troga to occur almost everywhere." Mr. A. H. Lankenau, a graduate student for a time at the University of Pennsylvania, became interested in H. pcctino- phorae and had considerable correspondence with occupation authorities in Japan in an endeavor to obtain material. A liv- ing culture was finally received in July 1948, trans-shipped from San Francisco to Philadelphia. Since Mr. Lankenau had meanwhile left the University for other work, the material was trans-shipped to me at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where it was received in excellent condition. No differences in form or color could be distin- guished between this stock and the wild type stock of H. jug- landis with which genetics experiments were in progress. Crosses were made with both wild type and with mutant types. The F! "hybrid" females were fully fertile and resembled the dominant wild type parents. Mutant traits introduced from H. juglandis reappeared in F. 2 according to expectation. No cytological studies have been made on the material shipped from Japan. However, in view of the fact that chromosomal differences were reported by Inaba, it was thought worth while to make some tests with genes showing linkage in H. juglandis. Accordingly the problem was assigned to Mr. Robert L. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115 Cornish, a student at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Cornish made crosses of the wild type pectinophorae females with jnglandis males, some of which carried the linked genes stubby antennae, black body color and cantaloup eye color and others carried the linked genes long antennae, honey body color and vcinlcss. wings. F x unmated females were isolated in each case and F 2 impaternate males segregating the different traits were classified and counted. The linkage relationships proved similar to those found in the American material. It may there- fore be concluded that if genetic differences exist they do not significantly involve the chromosomal regions containing the genes tested. Tests for other regions might possibly show- tightening of linkage due to chromosomal inversions, translo- cations. etc. Such irregularities are suggested in different stocks of H. jnglandis. The Japanese material recently re- ceived may also be different in some respects from that investi- gated by Inaba. Distinct races differing genetically are not to be expected in such a cosmopolitan species in w T hich the germ-plasm is subject to continuous intermixture. In any case there appears to be no basis for specific distinction between our "jnglandis" stocks, and the Japanese "pectinophorae." Both are specifically iden- tical with Microbracon hebetor (Say). LITERATURE CITED CUSHMAN, R. A. 1922. The identity of Habrabracon brevicornis (Wesmael) (Hym., Broconidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 24:213. IXABA, FUMIE. 1939. Diploid males and triploid females of the para- sitic wasp, Habrobracon pectinophorae Watanabe. Cytologia 9: (4): 517-523. . 1940. Impaternate females of the parasitic wasp, Habrobracon produced by colchicine treatment. Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo 16 : (8) : 411-413. MUESEBECK, C. F. W. 1925. A revision of the parasitic wasps of the genus Microbracon occurring in America north of Mexico. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 67, Art. 8, pp. 31-33. WHITING, P. W. 1945. The evolution of male haploidy. Quart. Rev. Biol. 20(3) :231-260. 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 A New Species of Mallophaga from a Partridge By K. C. EMERSON, Oklahoma A. and M. College, Stillwater, Oklahoma Colinicola pallida n. sp. Female. Head circumfasciate ; clypeal margin pointed. Tra- beculae well developed. Antennae filiform, the second segments being the longest. Temples rounded but not expanded or pro- duced. Chaetotaxy of the head as in C. docophoroides (Piaget 1880). Prothorax short, with one dorsal seta in each postero- lateral angle. Pterothorax slightly longer than prothorax, widest at the posterior margin. Seven posterior dorsal ptero- thoracic setae on each side of a bare median area. Abdomen elongately oval. Tergal plates prominent, separated medianly ; each with a row of setae on the posterior margin. Dorsal chae- totaxy as follows : segment I, A 4; segment II, 8-4-8; segment III, 8-6-8; segment IV, 8-6-8; segment V, 6-4-6; segment VI, 4-4-4; and segment VII, 3-2-3. In addition to the above chaetotaxy, there is one postspiracular seta on each side of seg- ments II to VII. Male. Head approximately the same size as in the female. First antennal segments enlarged but without appendages ; sec- ond segments of normal diameter but as long as the first ; third segments prominently curved; fourth segments produced at angles. Chaetotaxy of the head as in the female. Thorax and abdomen essentially the same shape, as in the female, but smaller. Dorsal chaetotaxy of the tergal plates as in the female ; but without the median setae between the tergal plates. Geni- talia as shown in fig. 2. Type host : CalUpcpla squamata pallida Brewster, Arizona Scaled Partridge. Type material : Holotypc male, allotype female, and paratypes collected by O. G. Babcock and H. S. Peters in Pecos County, TEXAS (Bishopp No. 12886). Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 DISCUSSION Four species of this genus are now known from the United States. In Colinicola incarnsi Emerson 1948 and C. numidi- anus (Denny, 1842), the clypeal margin is broad and evenly rounded. C. docophoroides (Piaget 1880) and C. pallida n. sp. each have a narrow clypeal margin which is very pointed. The latter two can be easily separated by a comparison of the male genitalia. FIG. 1. Male genitalia of Colinicola docophoroides Piaget. FIG. 2. Male genitalia of Colinicola pallida n. sp. 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May. '49 Late Summer Invertebrates, Mostly Insect, of the Alaskan Arctic Slope By NEAL A. WEBER, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Penna. The Alaskan Arctic slope is that part of Alaska draining to the Arctic Sea and is a treeless area. August 19 to September 5, 1948, a brief visit was paid to this region (Entomological News, December 1948, 59 -.253-257). l Snow fell during most of the nights and the temperatures were generally in the 30's and 40 's Fahrenheit. Most of the conspicuous insects had disappeared this late in the season and the present records reflect mainly a sampling of the fauna remaining active at the time. The collections were made chiefly at Pt. Barrow (Latitude 71 21' North) and at Anaktuvuk Pass on the north front of the Brooks Range in the Endicott Mountains (Latitude 68 05' North). From the Alaskan Arctic slope there are very few records and these mostly by Riley (1884, United States Polar Expedition) and Johansen, Hewitt, et al. (1918-22, Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913-18). The records are listed below by phyla, classes and orders of the animals involved, beginning with Annelida and ending with Arthropoda. 2 They are of adults unless otherwise stated. ANNELIDA PISCICOLIDAE : A specimen of the leech, Ottonia or near, was taken from the side of an Arctic herring at Anaktuvuk Pass. 1 By courtesy of the Office of Naval Research and the Arctic Research Laboratory. - I am much obliged to the following for identifying these specimens, most of the identifications of which were arranged through the kind co- operation of Drs. E. A. Chapin, C. F. W. Muesebeck and Waldo Schmidt : H. E. Anthony, J. Bequaert, R. E. Blackwelder, L. L. Buchanan, H. W. Capps, T. D. Carter, O. L. Cartwright, F. A. Chace, R. V. Chamberlin, W. J. Clench, J. C. Crawford, P. F. Darlington, W. J. Gertsch, G. Glance, C. T. Greene, A. B. Gurney, K. V. Krombein, H. Morrison, M. C. Myer, P. W. Oman, J. A. G. Rehn. W. E. Ricker, H. H. Ross, L. M. Russell, C. W. Sabrosky, R. J. Sailer. A. Stone, H. K. Townes. Ix, '49 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 OLIGOCHAETA: Oligochaete worms were taken from the tundra debris of lemming runways at Pt. Barrow. MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Valvata lewisi helicoidea Dale. Anaktuvuk. At shore of small lake and hibernating to a depth of 6-8 inches in the tangle of roots and humus along a stream bed. "Alaska, Yukon, Brit- ish Columbia" (Clench). L\nnnaca rand ol phi Baker. Anaktuvuk. Young specimens at lake shore and adults scattered dead on tundra or at lake shores. Largest species here. "Alaska, Yukon, British Co- lumbia" (Clench). Vertigo modesta Say. Anaktuvuk. At base of Salix in humus. "New England to California and north" (Clench). Succinca strigata Pfr. Anaktuvuk. Common on tundra. One specimen was crawling August 27 amid small patches of snow on the tundra near a small lake. Also specimen at Umiat in Ahnis thicket. "Greenland to Bering Strait" (Clench). PELECYPODA Sphacrlum stamineum Conrad. Anaktuvuk. At shore of small lake. "Northern U. S. and north through Canada" (Clench). ARTHROPODA ARACHNIDA Spiders are numerous and important animals of the tundra. The distribution of the species below was kindly given by the identifier, Dr. Gertsch, and may be seen to be primarily holarctic. Lycosidae Pardosa tesqiionun Odenwall Anaktuvuk. A Siberian species. Pardosa rarians Gertsch Anaktuvuk. Known from North- western Canada. Pardosa, lapponica Thorell? Anaktuvuk. A European species. Pardosa tristis Thorell Anaktuvuk. Known from the Rocky Mountains. Taroitula pictllis Emerton? Anaktuvuk. 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 Thomisidae Xysticus britcheri Gertsch Anaktuvuk. Described from New" York and hitherto known only from one or two specimens. Thanatus jonnicinus Clerck Anaktuvuk. A European species. Gnaphosidae Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin Umiat (Per Scholander). European and probably Siberian species. Dyctynidae Dictyna sp. Anaktuvuk. Argiopidae Tetraguatha extensa Linnaeus Anaktuvuk. A European and Siberian species. Aranea scricata Clerck Anaktuvuk, two spiders in neat co- coon with dead leaves attached. A European and Siberian species. Linyphiidae Coryphaeolana sp. Pt. Barrow. H Hair a curvit arsis Sorensen Pt. Barrow, common on tundra. Known from Northern Canada and Greenland. "Erigone" chilkatcnsis Chamberlin and Ivie? Anaktuvuk, under small rocks with south exposure on island in river bed. Erigone sibirica Kulczynski? Anaktuvuk. A Siberian and European species. Erigone psychrophila Thorell Pt. Barrow, among grass and herbs on tundra. "Erigone" sp. A Pt. Barrow, crawling slowly on hillock of tundra which had a surface temperature of 36, with patches of snow in vicinity. "Erigone" sp. B Anaktuvuk, under small rocks with south exposure on island in river bed. CHILOPODA Dr. R. V. Chamberlin has recently described the following (ENT. NEWS, 1949, 60: 12-15) : Lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 Lithobiidae Arebius integrior Chamberlin Anaktuvuk, tundra margin of river. The type and only known locality. Eschnobius cryopliilus Chamberlin Anaktuvuk. The type and only known locality. Oabius sp. Whitehorse, Yukon Terr. Under loosely buried wood in sandy soil with second growth pine beside the airport. Schendylidae Escaryns paucipcs Chamberlin Anaktuvuk Pass, valley tun- dra. Previously known only from Haines, Alaska. INSECTA COLLEMBOLA Collembola are of the utmost importance to many forms of life and, with mites, are probably the most numerous animals of the tundra. The study of the specimens by Miss Glance is not yet completed and there are a number of species in addition to the three below. Entomobryidae Folsouiia spp. Pt. Barrow, in tundra. Isotojua sensibilis Pt. Barrow, in tundra. Poduridae Achonttes sensilis Folsom Pt. Barrow, in tundra. Orthoptera Melanoplus m. mexicanns (Sauss.) Fairbanks, September 7, in weedy lot. "The widely distributed lesser migratory locust. About a peripheral record" (Rehn). Chorthippus longicornis (Latr.) Fairbanks, September 7. in weedy lot. "A holarctic species ranging from North Europe to Eastern Canada and into the more boreal parts of the U. S." (Rehn). 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 THYSANOPTERA Thripidae Thrips sp. were taken August 25 and 30 at Anaktuvuk, on the former date on galls of Sali.v, on the latter from tundra at base of Salix. Also September 1 at Pt. Barrow from tundra with surface temperature of 36 F. CORRODENT: A Corrodentia may be added to the list of "snow insects," in- sects to be found walking actively or tunnelling in snow, on the basis of several taken at Anaktuvuk. One was taken while burrowing into the snow which at the time had a surface tem- perature of 28 F., the air temperature being 32 F. MALLOPHAGA Specimens of the common species of eider ducks and murres at Pt. Barrow which were briefly examined appeared to be free of Mallophaga. This was also true of Greater Scaup and Old Squaw at Anaktuvuk. On a Golden Plover at Barrow a single young nymph of a species of Mysidea or some related genus was taken. Trichodectidae Trichodectes tnepliitidis Osborn. On Arctic weasel, Must da arctica arctica (Merriam). Anaktuvuk. "Probably new host and new northern Alaskan record." "Known from Mustda noveboracensis, Mephitis mcphitica and Spilogale interrupta" (Bequaert). ANOPLURA Echinophthiriidae Antarctophthirus trichechi Boheman. On Pacific walrus, Odobcnus divergens (Illiger), Pt. Barrow. "Known from wal- rus in Greenland, Spitzbergen and the coast of N. E. Siberia" (Bequaert). Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 HOMOPTERA Psyllidae Psylla alaskensis Ashm. Umiat. Psylla sinuata Crawf. Anaktuvuk, along river margin. Trioca sp., near varians Crawf. Anaktuvuk. Aphiclae Prociphihis sp., probably apterous. Anaktuvuk. Coccidae Puto sp., probably undescribed. Anaktuvuk, base of dwarf Salix. HEMIPTERA Anthocoridae Anthocoris uiclanocerus Renter. A pair in copula, Umiat, in Almis thicket and a specimen at Anaktuvuk, at base of Salix. PLECOPTERA Capniidae Capnia oenone Neone Anaktuvuk. males and females crawl- ing on stem of dwarf Salix on island in stream and walking on snow with surface temperature of 29 F. "Previously known only from southern British Columbia" (Ricker). Nemouridae Nenwura trispinosa Class. Anaktuvuk. on dwarf Salix and on rocks in river. TRICHOPTERA Limnephilidae Grensia practcrita (Walk.) Anaktuvuk, the common tri- chopteran at this time. Genus uncertain. "May be Grensia but latter is not yet de- scribed" (Gurney). Anaktuvuk, larvae August 26 in pool (39 F.). 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f^Iay, '49 LEPIDOPTERA Lymantriidae Byrdia sp. Anaktuvuk, August 27. A large, densely hairy larva. Phalaenidae Species undet. Umiat, in Alnus thicket. DIPTERA SUBORDER NEMATOCERA Tipulidae Tipula sp. Anaktuvuk, large larvae in pools, one at 39 F. ; Pt. Barrow, August 21. Culicidae Aedes sp. Whitehorse, Yukon Terr., August 18; Anaktuvuk. August 27. Mosquitoes were mostly absent, sluggish and non- biting. Unidentified males, Pt. Barrow, August 21. Bibionidae Bibio sp. Anaktuvuk, larvae August 28. Fungivoridae Lycoria sp. On lab window at Barrow, in Alnus thicket at Umiat and about Sali.i' at Anaktuvuk. Tiny and midge-like. Boletina sp. Umiat, in Alnus thicket. Phronia sp. Anaktuvuk, flying in lee of river bank August 25. Appearance suggesting Drosophila. Rhyinosia sp. Anaktuvuk. Melusinidae Melusina sp. Pt. Barrow, Anaktuvuk, superficially suggest- ing spindly tipulids and moderately large. lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 Simuliidae S'ninilhtm arcticum Mall. Anaktuvuk, becoming a nuisance at lake shore, noon, August 27. Tendipedidae Spaniotoma sp. Pt. Barrow, and the commonest midge at Anaktuvuk. They were taken walking on snow which had a surface temperature of 28 F., the air temperature being 32 F., and floating on pools. Larvae were taken at Pt. Barrow in snowy owl pellets consisting of fur and bones of Dicrostonyx r. rubric at us (Rich.). In addition Collembola lived in this me- dium. Larvae here on the tundra were also "looping" over the wet soil which had a temperature of 36 F., snow patches in the vicinity having a temperature of 29 F. and tiny pools of 36 F. Larvae at the very tip of Pt. Barrow, a low sandspit, remained active in the top inch of tundra, beneath which the soil was partially frozen. Other larvae at Anaktuvuk were active in a pool beside the river. Diamesa sp. Anaktuvuk, midges resembling Spaniotoma but not taken as often. Found walking on snow with a surface tem- perature of 28.5 F. Empididae Biccllana pihpes Loew Anaktuvuk, resembling the common Spaniotoma but slightly heavier and with darker wings. Phoridae Meyasclia dubitata Mall Anaktuvuk, Drosophila like ex- cept for larger wings and much smaller than the Bicellaria. SUBORDER CYCLORRHAPHA Calliphoridae Phoenicia sp. Pt. Barrow, larvae on or in an Eskimo dog carcass August 22 which had lain on the tundra near the sea for some three or so months but which was decomposing very slowly in the cold climate. Calliphora tcrrae-novae Macq. Whitehorse, Yukon Terr., August 18 at window in house. Cynomyopsis cadavcrina (R.D.) Pt. Barrow, pupae from dog carcass of Phacnicia above. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 Borccllus atriccps Zett. Pt. Barrow, pupae from dog carcass of Phaenicia above from which imagoes emerged on the tenth day following (August 31). Protophormia tcrrae-no-vac (R. D.) Pt. Barrow, September 1-5, appearing at the inside of windows of Arctic Research Lab- oratory ; probably brought in as immatures on caribou skins. Anaktuvuk, August 26. Larvaevoridae Genus and species?, near Alaskophyto Anaktuvuk. Scopeumatidae Scopeuma nubijer-um (Coq.) Pt. Barrow, dead in pool, August 22. Probably species of Scopeumatidae (immature). Anaktuvuk. Muscidae Alliopsis obesa Mall. Anaktuvuk, alighting twice momen- tarily on snow bank covering permanent ice in bend of river. Genus and species? Anaktuvuk, small muscid alighting on jacket as if seeking place for oviposition. Hylemya sp. Whitehorse, Yukon Terr., August 18, at win- dow of building. ACALYPTRATAE Piophilidae (?) [Allopiophila] sp. "Possibly a new genus and new species. It seems near A. aterrima (Becker), described from Novaya Zemlya" (Sabrosky). Pt. Barrow, on turfy tundra August 22 and appearing from carcass of small duck September 2 at tip of sandspit of the point. Beneath the duck the ground was covered with frost crystals and maggots here were con- tracted and immobile. Imagoes appeared 24 hours later from the carcass in the laboratory. Heleomyzidae Neoleria tibia! is (Zett.), at least in sense of authors Anak- tuvuk, of Drosophila size but more slender. Neoleria sp. Pt. Barrow, small, dark and compact imagoes under the Eskimo dog carcass described under Phaenicia above : sluggish in the near-freezing temperature, ice and snow on the tundra not thawing (August 22). Occothea aristata Mall. Anaktuvuk. Lx, '49 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 Sphaeroceratidae (Borboridae) Leptocera fontinalis (Fall.). Pt. Barrow, small, compact and dark flies appearing in the mess hall sparingly at the dining tables. Numbers were found dead in a 30 gal. can of cornmeal. Not a pest and reported to be present only in 1948. Coproinyza sp. Pt. Barrow, with Leptocera above, and under dog carcass of Phoenicia et al. above. Agromyzidae Agromysa innnaculata Coq. Anaktuvuk, tiny, with long wings, flying in lee of river bank. Agromyza. sp. Anaktuvuk, as above. COLEOPTERA Carabidae Curtonat-us sp. Anaktuvuk, palest carabid taken. Cryobius sp. -Anaktuvuk, apparently the smallest and com- monest carabid here. Stererocerus haematopus Dej. Anaktuvuk, iridescent and moderately sculptured. Lyperopherus agonus Horn Anaktuvuk, the largest and most sculptured carabid taken. Dytiscidae Hydruporus sp. in pool (39 F.). Anaktuvuk, August 26. Silphidae Silpha lapponica Hbst. Anaktuvuk, larva with mites nu- merous and attached to ventrum. Staphylinidae Tachyporinae Larvae in tundra, Pt. Barrow, August 20-23. Staphylinidae Staphylininae Larva (unident.) in tundra, Anaktuvuk. Micralymma brevilingue Schiodte Pt. Barrow, September 1. Tachimts apterous Maklin. In tundra. Pt. Barrow. Septem- ber 1 (first record from mainland). 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 Staphylinidae Omaliinae Larvae (unident.) in tundra, Pt. Barrow, including very tip of Point, September 1-2. Elateridae Cryptohypnus sp. (prob. nocturnus Esch.). Larva, Anak- tuvuk, August 25. Curculionidae Lepidoplwrus lineaticollis Kby. Anaktuvuk, in soil near Eskimo racks of caribou meat, August 25. HYMENOPTERA Tenthredinidae Euura sp. Anaktuvuk, in vicinity of gall of Salix. Allantinae larva Anaktuvuk. Ichneumonidae Promethes clongatiis (Prov.) Whitehorse, Yukon Terr., August 18. Stenomacrus brevipcnnls (Ash) Pt. Barrow, among grass and herbs August 20. Stenomacrus sp. Anaktuvuk, crawling through thin vegeta- tion on island in stream bed, August 26. Atractodes sp. Anaktuvuk. Diapriidae Xenotoma sp. Anaktuvuk. Formicidae Leptothora.i' accrvorum canadcnsis Provancher Umiat (Per Scholander). Nearctic equivalent of a palearctic species. Apidae Bombus nwderatus Cr. Anaktuvuk, August 27. Vespidae Vespula norvegica albida Sladen Anaktuvuk. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 The Simuliidae of Pennsylvania (Dipt.)* By S. W. FROST, The Pennsylvania State College During 1948, 160 blackfly adults were separated from a large number of insects taken in light traps operated in twenty widely- separated localities of Pennsylvania. These catches supplied sufficient information for a preliminary report on the abundance and distribution of the Pennsylvania species. Eleven species were taken including several of considerable economic impor- tance. A few records have been added from specimens in the Harrisburg collection. All were kindly determined by Dr. Alan Stone of the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. SUMMARY OF THE SIMULIIDAE TAKEN IN PENNSYLVANIA Species Number males Number females Number of Dates of collection localities Simulium vittatum Zett. 15 90 5 May 28 to Sept. 9 Sim uliu m fibrinflatu m 9 2 June 17 and Sept. 7 Twinn Simulium pictipes Hag. 7 1 May 2 Simulium venustum Say 1 5 4 May 21 to July 3 Simulium aureum Fries 1 1 June 14 Simulium. perissum D & S. 1 1 June 2 Simulium hydationis D & S. 1 1 June 9 Simulium jenningsi Mall. 1 1 June 7 Prosimulium hirtipes Fries 1 25 9 Apr. 4 to June 2 Prosimulium magnum 1 1 May 6 D & S. Eusimulium species 2 2 May 28 and June 18 Total 11 species 27 133 This figure represents a fair proportion of the species likely to be found in Pennsylvania. Approximately 50 species of Simuliidae are known from North America. Thirty-three of these are limited in distribution to the Western United States, Alaska and Canada. Another twelve species are restricted to * Authorized for publication on February 28, 1949 as paper No. 1516 in the Journal Series of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 the Southern United States, Central America and the West Indies. Only seven distinct species are given in "A List of the Insects of New York." The Pennsylvania records are slightly more extensive. The following species, common in Eastern United States, should also occur in Pennsylvania : Simulium metallicum Bellard, Eusimulium mutatuui (Mall.), Eusiiniiliiiin johannseni (Hart) and Eusimulium aurcuni bracteatnm (Coq.). Some of these were taken in light traps but the material was difficult to identify because no males were captured. Four species deserve special mention. Simulium vittatum Zett. appears to be the most common species in Pennsylvania. This species has a wide range of distribution occurring generally throughout the United States including Alaska and is also known from Canada, Greenland and Mexico. It frequently attacks man and his stock and is generally troublesome. The long period of flight throughout the summer contributes to its special annoyance. Prosimulium hirtipes Fries stands next in importance; how- ever, it has a short period of flight during early spring. Simulium venustum Say is another annoying species but appears not to be as common in Pennsylvania as the above species. One specimen of Simulium hydationis D. & S. was taken at Ohiopyle on June 9. Ohiopyle is located in Southwestern Pennsylvania on the Youghiogheny River in an Austral section of the State. Apparently this species has previously been taken only in Virginia. It would seem from the accompanying table that the females are attracted to light more frequently than the males. In the case of Simulium pictipes Hag, the reverse seems to be true although the number of specimens obtained is too small to draw definite conclusions. In collecting blackflies by the biting method, females would undoubtedly predominate also. The Simuliidae is an important group containing many species that annoy man, attack his animals or transmit certain animal diseases. The blackfly menace has been a bane to fishermen and hunters for a long time and some relief would be Lx, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 welcome. The application of D.D.T. to control mosquitoes has shown reduction in the blackfly populations. These facts in- dicate the need for further surveys and more detailed study of the habits of these flies. REFERENCES DYAR, H. G. and R. C. SHANNON. (1927). The North American Two- winged Flies of the Family Simuliidae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 69, Art. 10: 1-54. LEONARD, M. D. (1926). A List of the Insects of New York. Cornell University Memoir 101 : 749. MALLOCH, J. R. (1914). American Black Flies or Buffalo Gnats. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Ent. Tech. Bull. 26: 1-70. Correction The biographical sketch of Father Hermann Schmitz, S.J., written by Father Borgmeier and appearing in the Revista de Entomologia 19: 587-88, was incorrectly listed as an obituary in the Current Literature section of ENT. NEWS for March (page 76). We are sorry for this error and have since learned that Father Schmitz, one of the few remaining specialists on World Phoridae now resides at Bad Godesberg a. Rh., Ger- many, and that he expects to return to Holland in 1951 in order to continue as curator of the famous Wasmann collection in Maastricht. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY RAYMOND Q. BLISS AND R. G. SCHMIEDER. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the year 1949 unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For other records of general literature and for economic literature, see the Bibliog- raphy of Agriculture, Washington, and the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on medical entomology see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ 1 refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of periodicals and serials published in our January and June issues. The number of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining ex- clusively to Neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 GENERAL Ander, K. N. A. Kemner (In memoriam). Portrait and bibliography. [Opusc. Ent., Lund] 13: 101- 14, 1948. Beebe y Crane Ecologia de Rancho Grande, una selva nublada subtropical en el norte de Venezuela. [BoL Soc. Venez. Cie. Nat.] 73: 217-58, ill., 1948. R. E. B. Bibliographia. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 25-29. Campbell and Brundley Andrew Olaf Larson. 1887-1948. [37] 42: 165. Chauvin, R. Sur un olfactometre construire au laboratoire. [Bull. Soc. Ent. France] 54: 25-26. Cowles, R. B. Additional speculations on the role of heat in Evo- lutionary processes. [39] 41 : 7-26. Been, G. A. Ed- ward Guerrn Kelly. 1880-1949. [37] 42: 162-63. Dy- mond, J. R. Important advances in zoological nomencla- ture achieved at the Thirteenth International Congress of Zoology, Paris, July, 1948. [23] 81 : 51. Eyer, John R.- Theodore Dru Addison Cockerell. 1866-1948. [37] 42: 166-67. Guiart et Jeannel Smile-Georges Racovitza (1868-1947). [Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gen.] 86: 1-28, 1948. Haldane, J. B. S. Suggestions as to quantitative measure- ment of rates of evolution. [100] 3: 51-56. Huffaker and Holloway Changes in range plant population structure associated with feeding of imported enemies of Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum). [26] 30: 167-75. La Rivers, I. Let George do it. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 17-18. Klapperich, H. Notes on German and Austrian Entomol- ogy. [Coleopt. Bull] 3: 24. Kratochvil, J. a. J. Snoflak Contributions to the pollination of red clover and its in- sect pollinators. (English summary.) [Acta Univ. Agr. Sil., Brno] 1948: 1-25. Macy, R. W. On a migration of Tarnetrum corruptum (Odon.) in western Oregon. [23] 81: 50-51. Madsen, F. Light-trap catching by ultra-vio- let rays. [Ent. Meddelelser, Kobenhaven] 25: 221-25, 1948. 'Miller, L. Why Biology? [39] 41: 3-6. Parker and Muesebeck Charles Walter Collins 1882-1948. [65] 51 : 84-85. Putman, W. L. A method of keeping paradi- chlorobenzenz in insect boxes. [23] 81 : 52. Rohwer, S. A. An appraisal of entomology and entomologists. [37] 42: 1-7. Soulairac, A. Classification des reactions d'ori- entation cles animaux (tropismes). [L'Annee Biologique] 25 : 1-14. Sturani, M. Un nouveau modele d'aspirateur. [110] 4: 195-97, 1948. Tammes, P. M. L. Populatie-Dich- theid in de Natur. [Chronica Naturae] 105:51-53. Wade, J. S. George Ware Barber, 1890-1948. [37] 42: 163-65. Wellington, E. F. Artificial media for rearing some phy- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 tophagous lepidoptera. [53] 163: 574. Wellington, W. G. -Temperature measurements in ecological entomology. [53] 163: 614-15. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Albaum, H. G. Adenosine triphosphate from insects. [18] 44: 56-59. Benoist, R. Insectes assoifes (Lep., Hym.). [HO] 4: 189-91, 1948. Bobb, M. L. Hibernation of the plum cur- culio in Virginia. [37] 42: 19-22. Boyd, K. and D. W. Ewer Flight responses in grasshoppers. [S. Afr. Sci.] 11: 168-69, ill. Broadbent, L. Factors affecting the ac- tivity of alatae of the aphids Myzus persicae and Brevico- ryne brassicae. [4] 36: 40-62. Brown and Webb. Studies of the daily rhythmicity of the fiddler crab, Uca. Modifications by light. [Physiol. Zool] 22: 136-48. Burnett, T. The effect of temperature on an insect host- parasite population. [26] 30: 113-34. Chadwick and Dethier Stimulation of tarsal receptors of the blowfly bv aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. [Jour. Gen. Physiol.] 32: 445-52. Collins, Nardy and Glasgow Some host relation- ships of Long Island ticks. [37] 42: 110-12. Further notes on host relationships of ticks on Long Island. Ibid.: 159-60. Debaisieux, P. Les poils sensoriels d'Arthro- podes et 1'histologie nerveuse. I. Praunus flexuosus et Crangon crangon (Crust.). [La Cellule] 52: 309-60. ill. Dobzhansky, T. Chromosomal variation in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura which inhabit northern Mexico. [3] 82: 97-106. 1948. Dowdeswell, Fisher and Ford The quantitative study of populations in the Lepidoptera. [Heredity] 3: 67-84. Kvicla, B. A. Studies on the rela- tionship between some aphides and the sugar beet mosaic disease (Beta virus 2). [Acta Univ. Agric. et Sil., Brno] 1947 : 1-44. Freire-Maia, N. Balanced polymorphism in Drosophila montium. ( 100] 3 : 98 (S). Goossen, H. Unt- ersuchungen an Gehirnen verschieden grosser, jeweils ver- wandter. Coleopteren- und Hymenopteren-Arten. [Zool. Jahrh. (Abt. Physiol.)] 62: 1-64. Grison, P. et R. Roeh- rich Comparaison du developpement des chenilles d'Op- erophtera brumata (Geometr.) et Euprotis phaeorrhoea (Liparid.) a differentes temperatures constantes. [Bull. Soc. Ent. France] 54: 12-16. Heller and Smith The wa- ter balance principle of crustacean eye-stalk extracts. |40] 25 : 388-93, 1948. Hinton, H. E. The function, origin and classification of pupae. [ Proc. Trans. South London Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc.] 1947-48: 111-54. Jenkins, D. W.- 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 Trombiculid mites affecting man. III. Trombicula (Ea- trombicula) splendens in North America. [46] 35: 201-04. Johnson, M. W. The postembryonic development of the Copepod (Crust.) Pseudodiaptomus euryhalinus, and its phylogenetic significance. [84] 67: 319-30, 1948. Reiser, F. Der erste Fall von Opthalmomyiasis, hervorgerufen von Oestrus ovis aus der Schweiz. [Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel] 59: 29-44, ill., 1948. Kirby, H. Devescovinid flag- ellates of termites. V. The genus Hyperdevescovina, the genus Bullanympha, and undescribed or unrecorded species. [92] 45(5): 319-422, ill. Kleinholz, L. H. Responses of the proximal retinal pigment of the isolated crustacean eye- stalk to light and darkness. [67] 35: 215-18. Kuwabara, M. Ueber die Regulation in weisellosen Volke der Honig- biene (Apis mellifica) besonders die Bestimmung des neuen Weisels. | Jour. Faculty Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Zoolo, Sapporo, Japan] 9: 359-81, ilL 1948. Lees, A. D. Entom- ology (Recent Advances in Science). Modern concepts of instinctive behavior, pp. 318-21. The determination of pattern and shape in the wings of insects, pp. 321-23. Lo- cust control from the air, pp. 323-24. [Science Progress] 37. Lhoste, J. Sur quelques aspects cytologiques du corpus allatum a Forficula auricularia. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228: 551-53, ill. Liischer, M. The regeneration of legs in Rhodinus prolixus. [40] 25 : 33443, 1948. Momma, K. A karogram study on eighteen species of Japanese Ac- rididae. [Jour. Faculty Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Zoolo, Sap- poro, Japan] 9: 59-69. 1943. Marcus, H. El calor y los in- sectos. [Folia Univ., Cochabamba] 2: 13-22, 1948. Nota suplementaria sobre polimorfia y castracia. Ibid.: 23-27, ill. Sobre organos de sentido dudosus, quizas hygrometros (Myriop., Isop., and Isoptera). Ibid.: 30-35. O'Connor, R. J. The measurement of the oxygen consumption of Daphnia bv a modification of the Cartesian diver technique (Crust.). ^[40] 25: 313-21, 1948. Otto, E. Untersuchun- gen zur Frage der geruchlichen Orientierung bei Insekten. [Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Physiol.)] 62: 65-92. ^Real, S. et P. Real Sur la tropisme des Drosiphiles vis-a-vis du vinaigre. [Bull. Soc. Ent. France] 54: 26-30, ill. Schwartz, V.- Wirkungen der Luftfeuchtigkeit auf die Entwicklung und Vitalitiit bei Ephestia kiihniella. [Biol. Zentralbl.] 67: 562-74, 1948. Slifer, E. H. Changes in certain of the egg- coverings during development as indicated by fast green and other dyes. [41] 110: 183-203. Smith and Kido The biology of the strawberry root worm in California (Chrv- Ix. '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 somel.). [Hilgardia] 19: 25-42. The raspberry leaf saw- fly. Ibid.: 45-54. Spieth, H. T. Sexual behavior and iso- lation in Drosophila. II. The interspecific mating- be- havior of species of the willistoni group. [100] 3: 67-81. Stanley, J. A mathematical theory of the growth of popu- lations of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. VII. A study of the re-tunnelling problem. [26] 30: 209-22. Ullyett, G. C. Distribution of progeny by Chelonus tex- anus (Bracon.). [23] 81: 25-44. Yosida, T. Unusual type of the nucleolus observed in a bug, Acanthocoris Sor- didus (Hem.). [Jour. Faculty Sci., Hokkaido Univ. Zoolo, Sapporo, Japan] 9: 243-49, ilf., 1947. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Baker, E. W.- A review of the mites of the family Cheyletidae in the United States National Museum. [71] 99(3238) : 268-320. ill. Chamberlin, R. V. A new fossil Chilopod from the late Cenozoic. [Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.] 11: 117-20. Some millipeds of the families Polydesmidae and Xystodesmidae. [48] 39: 94-102 (*), ill. Collins, Nardy and Glasgow (See under Anatomy.) Chickering, A. M. Four new species of Dipoena (Araneae : Theridi.) from Panama. [84] 67: 331-40. Fox, I. Five new mites from rats in Puerto Rico. [31] 32: 37-40. Goodnight, C. and M. Report on a collection of phalangids from Rancho Grande, Venezuela. [95] 34: 21-24 (*). Grandjean, F.- Sur 1'elevage de certains Oribates en vue d'obtenir des clones. [Bull. Mus. Nat. d'hist. Nat. Paris] 2 ser. 20: 450- 57, 1948. Hoffman, R. L. Three new species of Diplopoda from Virginia. [63] 62: 81-88, ill. Hummelinck, P. W.- Pseudoscorpions of the genera Garypus, Pseudochthonius, Tyrannochthonius and Pachychitra. [Studies Fauna Cu- racao. Aruba. etc.] 3: 29-77 (*), ill.. 1948. Jameson, E. W., Jr. A new mite, Ichoronyssus hubbardi, from the moun- tain beaver, Aplodontia rufa. [46] 35: 109-15 (k). Jen- kins, D. W. (See under Anatomy.) Marcus, H. (See under Anatomy.) Radford, C. D. A revision of the fur mites Myobiidae. [Bull. Mus. Nat. d'hist. Nat. Paris] 2 ser. 20: 458-64, 1948. SMALLER ORDERS Bailey, S. F An annotated list of North American Thysanopterists, Pt. II. [31] 32: 11- 36. Denning, D. G. New species of Nearctic caddis flies. [18] 44: 37-48. Eads, R. B. Recent collections of Colo- rado fleas. [37] 42: 144. Eads and Menzies A new flea from the pocket gopher. [46] 35: 171-74. Kirby, H.- 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 7 49 Isoptera. (See under Anatomy.) Marcus, H. Isoptera. (See under Anatomy.) Ross, H. H. The caddisfly genus Neothremma (Trichoptera). [48] 29: 92-94 (*), ill. Wray, D. L. Some new Dicyrtoma and key to known species of the United States (Collembola, Sminthur.). [18] 44 : 61-68. ORTHOPTERA Boyd and Ewer (See under Anat- omy.) Momma, E. (See under Anatomy.) Slifer, E. H. (See under Anatomy.) HEMIPTERA Broadbent, L. (See under Anatomy.) Burnett, T. (See under Anatomy.) Caldwell, J. S. A generic revision of the treehoppers of the tribe Ceresini in America north of Mexico based on a study of the male genitalia. [71] 98 (3234) : 491-521, ill. (k*). "Hottes, F. C. -Descriptions of the sexual forms of some species of Aphi- didae. [63] 62: 52-56. Descriptions of some undescribed forms belonging to two little known species of the family Aphididae. Ibid.: 45-52. Knowlton, G. F. and M. W. Nielson Some Utah leaf hoppers. [Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Mimeo. Ser.] No. 358: 1-7. Kvicla, B. A. (See under Anatomy.) Liischer, M. (See under Anatomy.) Roveda, R. J. Pentastoma gracile. [Rev. Fac. Agr. y Vet., Buenos Aires] 12: 47-48, 1948. Stile, K. Aussere Morphologic. Metamorphose und Lebenslauf von Peukinococcus n. gn. piceae Loew. [Acta Soc. Sci. Nat. Moravicae] 16: 1-50 (German summary), 1944. LEPIDOPTERA Buchholz, O. Flight votes: two Papilio, one Kricogonia. [18] 44: 72. Dowdeswell, Fisher and Ford (See under Anatomy.) Fleming, H. The Pericopidae (moths) of Kartabo, British Guiana and Caripito, Venezuela. [95] 34: 19-21 (*). Franclemont, J. G. The occurrence of Aromis commoda in the United States and its life history (Phalaen. Catocal.). [18] 44: 69-71. Synonymical notes relating to Menopsimus cadu- cus (Phalaen.). [65] 51: 74-75. Grison et Roehrich- (See under Anatomy.) Hedges, A. V. Technique of breeding Lepidoptera. [Proc. & Trans. South London Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc.] 1947-48: 74-81. Schwartz, V.- (See under Anatomy.) Vazquez, G. L. Papilios nuevos de Mexico. [8] 19: 233-40, 1948. Wellington, E. F. (See under General.) Williams, C. B. The migration of but- terflies in North America. [Lep. News] 3: 17-18. Zischka, R. Catalogo de los insectos de Bolivia (Lep.. Col.). [Folia Univ., Cochabamba] 2: 3-8, 57-60, 1948. Ix, '491 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 DIPTERA Chadwick and Dethier (See under Anat- omy. ) Coher, E. I. A study of the female genitalia of Culicidae : with particular reference to characters of generic value. [271 28 ' 75-112. Davies, D. M. Description of Simulium euryadminiculum. a new species of blackfly (Simuli.). [23] 81: 45-49. Day, C. D. British tachinid flies ( Larvae voridae and Calliphoridae) . Reprinted from: The Northwestern Naturalist, vols. 21, 22 (1946-47). T. Buncle Co., Arbroath, Dec. 1948. 15s. 6d. Dobzhansky, T. (See under Anatomy.) Fairchild, G. B. A new fly related to Phlebotomus from Panama (Psychod.). [65] 51: 81-84. Freire-Maia, N. (See under Anatomy.) Hardy, D. E. The North American Chrysopilus (Rhag- ion.). [ 1 | 41 : 143-67 (k*). Reiser, F. (See under Anat- omy.) Knowlton, G. F. Insects of Utah. Some western Tabanidae. [Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Mimeo. Ser.] No. 353: 1-6. Larsen, E. B. Observations on the activity of some culicids. (Studies on the activity of insects, IV.) [Ent. Meddelelser, Kobenhaven] 25: 263-77, 1948. Lindner, E. Nectropische Stratiomyiden des Britischen Museums in London. II. [6] 12 sef. vol. 1: 851-91, ill. Obrecht, C. B. Notes on the distribution of Michigan mosquitoes. [1] 41: 168-73. Otto, E. (See under Anatomy.) Quis- enberry, B. F. A new genus of Tephritidae near Xanth- omyia. [18] 44: 49-52. Sabrosky, C. W. The North American Heleomyzid genus Lutomyia, with description of a new species. '[57] No. 517: 1-6,' ill. Spieth, H. T.- (See under Anatomy.) Steyskal, G. C. Sareophagidae from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. [18] 44: 60. Rhagionidae from the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. Ibid. : 68. COLEOPTERA Arnett, R. H., Jr. Fifth supplement corrigenda. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 22. Notice (plans for organization of Coleopterists). Ibid.: 23. R. E. B. (See under General.) Chapin, E. A. New beetle records for Florida. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3:23. Duffy, E. A. J. A con- tribution towards the biology of Aromia moschata, the "musk" beetle. [Proc. Trans". So. London Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc.l 1947-48: 82-110. Fisher, W. S. New bupres- tid beetles from Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies. [71] 99 (3240) : 327-51. Frost, S. W.- Flea beetles attacking Cruciferae. [37] 42: 144-45. Fra- dois, H. et P. Bourgin Sur certains variations de colora- tion chez les Carabes. [1101 4: 180-88, 1948. Gilmour, E. F. Revision of the Batocerini (Ceramb., Lamiinuo. 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '49 [Spolia ZeylanicaJ 25 (1) : 1-121. 10 pis., 1948. Goossen, H. (See under Anatomy.) Hincks, W. D. Coleopterorum Catalogue, Supplementa. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 30-32. Huf- faker and Holloway (See under General.) Judd, W. W. -The red-legged horn beetle on imported copra. [23] 81 : 52. Klapperich, H. (See under General.) Lathrop, F. H. Biology of the plum curculio in Maine. [37] 42: 12-18. Leclercq, J. La proposition des sexes dans les col- onies de Tenebrio molitor. [Bull, et Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.] 9-10: 191-95, 1948. Mason, W. Aniphizoid collecting. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 21. Otto, E. (See under Anatomy.) Pallister, J. C. Mexican bean beetle. [56] 58: 162-65, 'ill. Smith and Kido (See under Anatomy.) Stanley, J. (See under Anatomy.) Stehr, W. C. Brachyacantha den- tipes in Cuba (Coccinell.). [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 23. Uh- mann, E. Hispinen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum Basel. [Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel] 59: 12-28 (S*), ill., 1948. Zischka, R. (See under Lepidoptera.) HYMENOPTERA Burnett, T. (See under Anat- omy.) Chatterjee, P. N. Cytoplasmic inclusions in the oogenesis of some forest insect parasites (Braconid. Ichnem.). [Univ. Allahabad Studies, Zool. Sect.] 1944: 1-56, ill. Deleurance, E. P. Phenomena social chez Os- mia emarginata. [Bull. Soc. Ent. France] 54: 9-10. Goossen, H. (See under Anatomy.) Kuwabara, M. (See under Anatomy.) Ledoux, A. La ponte des ouv- rieres de la fourmi-fileuse (Oecophylla longinoda). [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228: 1154-55. Ma, Shih Chun Enemies of the adult honey bee. [Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Mimeo. Ser.] No. 356: 1-4. Marcus, H. La variacion du altura melanotica de Camponotus conspicuus. [Folia Univ., Cochabamba] 2: 28-29, ill., 1948. Otto E. (See under Anatomy.) Smith and Kido (See under Anatomy.) Ullyett, G. C. (See under Anatomy.) Wahis, R. Nidifi- cation du Calicurgus hyalinatus (Pompilid). [H0| 4: 210 13, 1948. Weber, N. A. Ants from the Leeward Group and some other Caribbean localities. [Studies Fauna Cu- racao. Aruba, etc.] 3: 78-86. Ix, '49] I.. \TOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 Review A TEXTBOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY. By Herbert H. Ross. John \Yiley & Sons, Inc.. New York. Chapman & Hall, Limited, London. 1948. Pp. viii + 532. Price. $6.00. \Ye have here, for the first time in this country, a text that covers practically all branches of entomological science. It begins with a chapter on history in which the emphasis is on the development of entomology in America. Then follows a chapter on the various classes of arthropods, chapters on ex- ternal and internal anatomy, on physiology, and on the life cycle, including embryology, transformation, food habits, re- production and social life. About equal space (228 pages) is then given to the orders of insects, with keys to the principal families. Finally, there is a chapter on ecology, in which cli- matic factors, food, enemies, etc., are discussed, and also a chapter on insect control. In every chapter, Dr. Ross adheres to his aim of presenting the basic facts and fundamental ideas to the exclusion of much detail. The anatomical terminology and the morphological interpretations adopted agree largely with those of Snodgrass, many of whose excellent figures are used as illustrations. The physiological data given are also completely up-to-date. As a text for students in entomology, this book will draw immediate attention to the absorbing interest of many of the approaches to the study of insects that are too often neglected in courses that emphasize wing veins and taxonomy. And for prospective zoologists, a course based on this text will provide general zoological training in a group of animals that is proving so useful in investigations in pure physiology, genetics, cytol- ogy, evolution, etc. The book is printed on glossy paper so that the many illus- trations look very well, with some exceptions. A number of the figures, it may be said, are unnecessarily large and their arrangement is often such that page space is wasted. Should the publishers prove sufficiently far-sighted to invest the neces- sary effort and funds, much could be accomplished by a more careful planning of the illustrations and by devising additional figures that would be more closely coordinated with the text to form a didactic unit. The plan of the book is excellent and it is evident that the author is a master of his materials and has succeeded in present- ing them in a well organized manner. It is the only American text that attempts a balanced presentation of the entire field <>t entomology. R. G. SCHMIEDER. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wasps (Vespoidea, Sphecoidea, Chrysidoidea) of the world by ex- change or purchase. Will collect other orders in exchange. D. G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N.W., Washington 11, D. C. Lepidoptera Large quantities of Plexippus, Colias, Cardui, Vanil- lae wanted for cash or exchange for tropical butterflies. G. Mac- Bean, 710 Miller Rd., Sea Island, Vancouver, B. C. Ants of the tribe Dacetini (Strumigenys, Rhopalothrix and related genera) wanted for world revision. W. L. Brown, Jr., Harvard Uni- versity Biological Laboratories, Cambridge 38, Mass. Mallophaga (on which immediate determination is not necessary) wanted for study and determination. R. L. Edwards, Dept. Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. Tingidae (Heteroptera) of the world wanted, in alcohol, with host and other ecological data. Will collect other orders in exchange. N. S. Bailey, 16 Neponset Ave., Hyde Park 36, Mass. Bombidae, nearctic and neotropical, wanted for exchange, identi- fication, or purchase. Will exchange in other groups for bumblebees. Barth Maina, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111. Saturnidae of the world. Will purchase individual specimens or cocoons. F. E. Rutkowski, St. Bede College, Peru, Illinois, U. S. A. Butterflies of New England, principally from New Haven, Conn., for exchange. Louis Clarke, 28 W. Elm St., New Haven 15, Conn. Wanted Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vols. 1-6; Proc. Cal. Acad. (Nat.) Sci., 1-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1-20; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1-10; Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1-5; Psyche, 11, 13, 15; Ent. Amer. n.s., 7-26. C. F. dos Passos, Mendham, N. J. Miridae (Capsidae) American species wanted, with locality labels, in exchange for British species. D. Leston, F.R.E.S., 6 Frognal Rise, London N. W. 3, England. W. S. Blatchley Books for Sale Rhyncophora of N. E. America, 1916. 682 pp.. Paper $4.00 Orthoptera of N. E. America, 1920, 784 pp., Paper 5.00 Heteroptera of E. N. America, 1926, 1116 pp., Cloth 10.00 Coleoptera of Indiana, when available 50.00 Address Librarian, Blatchley Nature Study Club, Noblesville, Indiana. ENTOMOLOGISTS RELY ON WARD 'S FOR A COMPLETE ENTOMOLOGICAL SERVICE Rare individual specimens from a world-wide collec- tion. Complete life-histories, collecting and storage equipment are available from Ward's. In service to the Natural Sciences for over three-quarters of a century, Ward's is eager to help the entomologist in every way. Write for free catalogs on equipment, special insect lists and color- slide catalogs of butterflies and moths. Ill ADIVQ Natural Science Establishment, Inc. If fill I/ O Se* - ess '5 s S o H^t a a c "a 2 'S -a Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 articulation with process as long as the portion of finger above long spiniform. Armature in abantis a lower long pointed spiniform, then above it about equally spaced two much shorter spiniforms apically rounded, but in clantoni this arrangement is changed by having the upper spiniform of abantis represented in the majority of cases by a simple small bristle. About 1 out of 20 specimens in clantoni have the armature arrangement of abantis. Due to the amount of variation in the apical outline of the VII sternite of the female in both abantis and clantoni it is difficult to distinguish one from the other. This outline in clantoni is with upper lobe which varies from well rounded to angulate. The outline of the allotype is with upper lobe with flat surface, lower angle angulate, upper angle rounded. The spermatheca is barrel shaped, with crooked finger shaped appendix but without ap- pendage. The new flea measures 2.00 mm. in male, 2.75 mm. in female. Remarks : As early as June 16, 1938 the writer took the fe- male of this flea off Lagurus at Bickleton, Washington but mis- took the specimens for M. abantis. Specimens coming to him from Clanton have been in the ratio of 5 females to 1 male. These fleas have proved plague positive in parts of central Wash- ington. From February through June at least the flea count on these mice is very high. Thrassis gladiolis johnsoni new subspecies The new subspecies is close to Tlirassis gladiolis gladiolis which ranges some 300 miles to the south in southeastern Ore- gon. The writer has no evidence that the range of the two fleas comes closer. The chief difference between the males ot Tlirassis g. gladiolis and Thrassis g. johnsoni is the very promi- nent IX sternite in the new form which if one were to state it in the vernacular "sticks out like a sore thumb." The finger of john- soni is of the general shape of gladiolis but the armature is some- what different, being of 5 major bristles along the posterior border, the two uppermost very long and fairly close together. Midway down the border is a major bristle, which may be directed 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 downwards. At the lower angle of the border are the usual 2 Thrassis spike-like bristles. The VIII sternite is apically angulate rather than rounded as in other gladiolis. The IX sternite sets well out beyond the other modified segments. The apical bristle is not so spine-like and the customary paired bristles below the apex are grass-blade-like. In the apical outline of the VII sternite of the female the undulation found in the females of other gladiolis is missing. The outline, if not damaged, is nicely rounded. The armature consists of 5 stout bristles. The spermatheca is typically Thrassis. In length these fleas measure 1.50 mm. in male and 2.00 mm. in female. Other interesting data in this study were the rarity of fleas other than Megabothris dantoni and Thrassis gladiolis johnsoni on Lagurus. In some 500 fleas checked the writer found only 4 males of Malaraeus telchinwn (Roths.), a deer mouse flea, 1 male and 3 females of Catallagia decipiens (Roths.), a mouse flea and 1 male and 2 females of Meringis shannoni (Jordan), a pocket mouse flea. Clanton took 11 specimens of Rattus nor- vegicus as Odessa, Lincoln County, Washington which carried amongst other fleas 1 male and 2 females of Megabothris dan- toni and a female of Thrassis gladiolis johnsoni. Personal Doctor H. B. Hungerford has retired as head of the De- partment of Entomology of the University of Kansas. He will continue his teaching, both at the University of Kansas and, during summer months, at the University of Michigan Biological Station. He expects to continue his research program on the aquatic Hemiptera. Having recently published a revision of the Corixidae of the Western Hemisphere, he plans to complete his study of the Corixidae of the Eastern Hemisphere. He is replaced as chairman of the Department of Entomology by Doctor Charles D. Michener, who is continuing studies now in progress on the saturniid moths and plans to continue his principal research studies in the taxonomy, evolution, biology and behavior of bees. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 Agrion versus Calopteryx The NEWS presents below two letters that were received re- cently from England by its Editor Emeritus, Dr. Philip P. Calvert, and that comment upon the article "Calopteryx versus Agrion ; Again ?" by Dr. Erich Schmidt, published in ENTO- MOLOGICAL NEWS for October 1948, pp. 197-206. Following these, there is a reply to Miss Longfield by Dr. Schmidt, and also parts of Dr. Calvert's letter to Miss Longfield that bear on the same subject. British Museum (Natural History) Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7 How exceedingly tiresome of Dr. Erich Schmidt to have again raised this question of "Calopteryx versus Agrion" (ENT. NEWS, 1948, 59:197), and on insufficient knowledge. There is no question of the date of publication of volume 9 of Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia (Part I. Entomology), in which volume is Leach's article on the Class Odonata of Fabricius. We have the volume in this museum and the date of publication is 1815. Stephens' date of 1810 referred to the date of publi- cation of volume I of the Encyclopedia, which is proved by the following reference in Stephens' Systematic Catalogue of British Insects, 1829, where on page xxvi, under "Authors quoted," the reference to Leach is as follows : "Leach in Edinburgh Encyclo- pedia : articles Entomology and Insecta. Edinburgh. 1810, etc. 4to." Probably Leach's MSS. was ready by 1810, but it was not in print for another five years. Latreille in 1802 (Hist. not. gen. Crust. Ins., Vol. 3, page 287) gives virgo as the "example" for the genus Agrion Fabr. Pos- sibly it is this that some authors consider "obscure," but no one can say the same for Latreille's second reference published in 1810 (Consid. gen. Aniin. Crust. Arach. Ins., page 434). Here, Latreille gives a list of all the genera in his book, each name followed by that of one species, which he says, p. 421, that he designates as the type. There is not the slightest ambiguity on this occasion, where virgo is cited as the type of Agrion. Kirby 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 was absolutely correct in changing the names as he did, in 1890. That both de Selys Longchamps and Dr. Ris disliked the change of names (who does not?), is beside the point. They did not apply to have the law of priority suspended in this case, nor do I see any reason for supposing that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature would have interfered with the pub- lished fixation of the type of Agrion by Latreille.* Personal opinions of regret at the application of the law of priority get us nowhere. The generic name of Agrion for virgo has been widely in use for 59 years, whereas Caloptery.v, it seems, was only generally adopted for 51 years before the pub- lication of Kirby's catalogue. There is, therefore, little differ- ence in the question of "usage." The original fault lay in Burmeister adopting Leach's name instead of Latreille's, in 1839 (Handb. Ent. 2, page 825). The case for Agrion versus Cal- optcryx is clearly proved and all Dr. Schmidt's arguments are useless. CYNTHIA LONGFIELD, F.R.E.S. Holyivell House, Edington, Bridgcwatcr, Somerset Miss Longfield has sent me a copy of her note on the subject of Agrion versus Caloptcryx. At the moment I have not seen the paper by Dr. Schmidt to which she refers, but in the mean- time I would like to add the following comments to her letter, with which I am in general agreement : For those who adhere to the International Rules of Zoo- logical Nomenclature, there can be no doubt that the genotype of Agrion Fabricius, 1775, is Libelhda virgo Linnaeus, 1758, by the earliest designation (Latreille, 1810) ; consequently Cal- opteryx of authors falls as a synonym of Agrion. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has ruled (in Opinions 11 and 136) that the designations of genotypes by Latreille, 1810 are valid designations when they do not conflict with other requirements of the International Rules. * The Nomen. Commission's Opinion 11, says these types should be accepted. l.X, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 Calcptcryx Leach, 1815, Brewster's Edinb. Encycl. 9(1): 137 the date of publication is known to be April 1815 (see Slier- born, 1937, /. Soc. B'ibl. Nat. Hist. 1 : 112). The late R. A. Muttkowski seems to have referred the case of Agrlon versus Calopteryx to the International Commission, and quotes their decision in favour of virgo as the genotype of Agrion (1910, Bull. pub!. Mus. Milwaukee 1 (1): 14-15); but no Opinion embodying this decision of the Commission has been published. Muttkowski's premisses, however, were not valid, being based on the citation of an example f by Latreille, 1803 (1910, ibid.: 26), but this was corrected in a subsequent paper (Muttkowski, 1910, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc. 8: 158) where the then Secretary to the Commission is quoted as showing that it is possible to settle the question of the genotype of Agrion (by the designation of Latreille, 1810) without referring the subject to the Commission at all. This no doubt accounts for the Opinion quoted by Muttkowski never having been published by the Commission ; it was I assume withdrawn before publication as being unnecessary. J. COWLEY Mosartstrassc 22. (22) Bonn am Rliein, Very probably we should not have touched this stinging nettle of nomenclature if we had known earlier that which Prof. Hedicke of Berlin, formerly a collaborator of the "Nomenclator Zoologicus," of the Prussian Academy of Sciences wrote us concerning the date of publication of Leach's paper in Brewster's Encyclopedia, stated by C. D. Sherborn with superexactness and published in his "Index Animalium." According to t Mention of a species as an example of a genus docs not constitute a selection of a type (International Rules, Art. 30 II g). This excludes Latreille, 1803 (the correct date is 1 1802-1803 1, for which see Griflin, 1938, /. Soc. Bihl. nat. Hist. 1: 157). There is no warrant for emending Leach's original spelling (.\ilcptcry.r, for he gives no derivation for the name, nor is one obvious from his re- marks. From his statement that "This genus comprehends those Ayr'w- nida with coloured wings" it is only a probability, not a certainty, that he intended the name to he based on KO.\\I- or KaXos and T 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Julie, '49 Hedicke, the matter is more complicated than was mentioned in the foregoing article (Miss Longfield's), the most valuable contribution of which is the statement of the probability that Leach's manuscript was ready by 1810. Now we are not sorry for having written the article, since a further study of the matter brings out other interesting facts that might easily be overlooked. We know of Kirby's error in establishing his "ultra-radical" change of names on the basis of Latreille's paper of 1802, and now we know also, and well, that the later paper of 1810 is in no way better! In a footnote in Trans. VII Int. Congr. Ent., Berlin, p. 559, and in more minute detail in Entom. Rundschau 56, 1939. p. 187 ff., it is stated that Latreille sometimes gave two species names as "types" for one genus, which certainly does not conform to our modern idea of "genotype." For this reason there arises not only a "slightest ambiguity" but a really decided one concerning Kirby's change of name, and he is "absolutely incorrect" in the same manner as the writer of the foregoing article and the mod- ern anachronists such as Muttkowski, Stiles and Cowley. The International Congress of Zoology in Lisbon (1935), however, took the first step in a retreat when it limited the application of its former decision to only those genera of Latreille (1810) that have only one species name as the "type." However, since the foregoing reflections will be valid generally, from a logical point of view, for all of Latreille's genera in his paper of 1810, we may expect that even the God-like International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature will, although perhaps only after a period of reflection, arrive at the next step (a necessary conclu- sion), the entire "suspension" of its somewhat superficially made Opinion 11, an opinion that originated during a period when that honorable group was made up preponderantly of "rigorists of priority." * * I should like also to call attention to the following : In comparing the time in years during which the two names were in general use, Miss Longfield overlooks the fact that for a long time after the appearance of Kirby's catalogue no attention was paid to the change in name, not even in England. The outstanding authorities there, such as McLachlan and K. J. Morton used Caloptcryx all their lives, ignoring Kirby, just as did Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 To date, this is still only a dream of the future. However, the present generation has a duty to establish an accord in no- menclature as soon as possible, and the writer believes that the path of "classical nomenclature" will always be better than any other, especially for the younger generation, in order to prevent, in the end, football versus entmology. ERICH SCHMIDT P. 0. Box 14, Cheyney, Pennsylvania. A practical consideration also enters into the nomenclatural question of Calopteryx versus Agrion which I emphasized in my June, 1927, editorial, "Does Familiarity Breed Contempt" (ENT. NEWS 38: 185-6). For some years I have been bring- ing together notes on papers dealing with the chemical, physical and biological characters of waters in which Odonate larvae (nymphs) live. I have just looked over these notes from authors whose names begin with A D, who have anything to say on larvae of Calopteryx or Agrion, with these results (purely systematic papers are not included) : W. J. Lucas together with the entire faunistic literature of England, so that while these authors lived Calopteryx was in almost universal use in England, that is up until about 1935. Lucas died in 1932, and Morton in 1940. The first attempts to recognize Kirby (by F. F. Laidlaw in 1902) were very feeble and did not succeed even after the publication of Mutt- kowski's catalogue (1911). Not until the newer compilations made their appearance as a substitute for Lucas' work, now out of print, was the mistaken change of name actually effected. Moreover, on the continent of Europe (with the exception of Navas, of all people) Calopteryx is in almost universal use and always will be. Actually, then, Calopteryx has been in general use for about 100 years as contrasted with about 15 years for Agrion. Furthermore, it should be considered, all important monographs, namely those of Selys, Hagen and Bartenef use Calopteryx, not Agrion, and these have more weight than all modern compilations that have an anachronistic foundation. To be sure, the International Rules have as yet found no adequate means of providing nomenclatorial recognition for the old masters who are not now in a position to defend their life's work against modern anachronism and nonsense. This destruction of old, good names without sufficient reason is, it seems to us, one symptom of the "decline of the West." ERICH SCHMIDT. 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 ALI SADE, A. 1934. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Atdelenia etc. 7, Baku. Agrion (Enallagma) cyathigcrum, p. 9. BALDENSPERGER, A. 1927. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Colmar 20. Agrion, Calopteryx, pp. 74, 81, 86, 87. ID. 1929. Op. cit. 21. Agrion, Calopteryx, pp. 187, 188, 204, 225. 269. BARTENEV, A. N. 1930. Rev. Zool. Russe 10(4). Cal- opteryx, Agrion, pp 78, etc. ID. 1932. Op. cit. 11(1). Agrion, Calopteryx, pp. 58, 59. BERG, K. 1948. Folia Limnol. Scand. 4, Kjobenhavn. Calopteryx virgo, splcndens, p. 117 etc. According to p. 9, the Odonata were identified by E. W. Kaiser, using J. W. Lucas' Aquatic (Naiad) Stages of British Dragonflies (1930), p 116. BEYER, H. 1932. Abhandl. westfal. Prov. Mus. Naturk. 3. Calopteryx, Agrion, pp. 61. 134. BOLDYREVA, N. V. 1930. Hydrobiol. Ztschr. USSR. 9. Agrion, pp. 60, 80. BYERS, C. F. 1930. Univ. Florida Publ. Biol. Sci. Ser. Agrion (sensu Kirby 1890). p. 265. CARPENTER, K. C. 1927. Jl. Ecol. 15, Cambridge, Eng. Agrion pulchelluin, p. 45. COLLENETTE, C. L. 1944. Entom. 77. Cocnagrion pnella, p. 61. DECKSBACH, N. K. 1936. Arch. Hydrobiol. 30. Agrion, p. 118. Also in Ychene Zapiski Mosk. Gosyd. Yniv. 8. Agrion, pp. 86, 111. DORR, E. 1935. Arch. Hydrobiol. 38(3). Calopteryx, Agrion, p. 510. DORIER, A. & VAILLANT, F. 1948. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 226(15). Agrion, Calopteryx, p. 1223. It will be seen that a majority of these papers use Calopteryx, but I am not concerned with determining how large or how small that majority is. What interests me is that many authors still use Calopteryx. The conclusion I draw is that, to make one's meaning perfectly clear, it is necessary to specify, in each case where the term Agrion is used, just what Agrion means in that case. It seems to me to be advisable to use both names in each case in some such way as this : "Agrion virgo, also known as Calopteryx virgo," Coenagrion pnlclieUuni, also known as Agrion pitlchcllum." A very recent example of this practice is in Col. MacNeill's ingenious paper on "Distribution of dragon- Ix, '49 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 flies in Ireland" in the Irish Naturalists' Journal, ix (9) for January, 1949, pages 234 and 236. What Ccdopteryx is is known, what Coenagrion is is known. Agrion is the uncertainty. What an unforgivable crime it would be, from the priorist's point of view, to drop Agrion altogether ! ! ! PHILIP P. CALVERT Oviposition of Cryptocephalus confluens Say (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) By J. W. TILDEN, San Jose, Calif. On September 26, 1947, a pair of these beetles was taken in copula on a bush of Bacc/iaris pilularis D. C. subsp. consanguinea D. C. (C. B. Wolf) (Compositae. Astereae), at Page Mill Road. Santa Clara County, California. The pair was brought into the laboratory where the beetles were kept for observation in a large vial of thin glass in which a twig of the food plant was sup- ported by moist sand. This type of container has proven very useful for observational work, since the vial may be placed on its side for use under a binocular microscope without displacing the contents. All of the following observations were made un- der binocular microscopes of various powers. An effective closure for the vial is formed by loose cotton which allows free exchange of gases and also some humidity control. For the two days following, the beetles fed on the leaves, cut- ting scalloped fringes on the leaf edges. On the morning of September 29, the pair was again in copula. The female sup- ports and carries the male during mating. The prothoracic and mesothoracic legs of the male are closely appressed to the elytra of the female. Apparently the setose tarsi of these legs adhere to the elytra of the female, and seem to constitute the only means by which the male remains in position. The metathoracic legs trail. The female controls the entry of the male organ by movements of the terminal sternite of the abdomen. In some instances the male attempted to mate for a period of several 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 minutes before the female advanced the sternite. The female continues to feed during copulation. The first egg was found on the bottom of the vial on Septem- ber 30. The oviposition and subsequent treatment of the egg is peculiar and interesting. The female is equipped with a sulcus on the fifth abdominal sternite which serves, in conjunction with the metathoracic tarsi, to hold the egg. The egg is extruded and is caught by the tips of the tarsi and applied to the sulcus. While the egg is in this position, the female applies a relatively large mass of secretion which forms a mound-like patch on the surface of the egg. The egg is then rotated slightly by means of the tarsi, and another patch of secretion is applied adjoining the first. This process is repeated until the egg is covered with approximately equal rough mounds of this material. The egg is then revolved several times by the tarsi, the legs twitch al- most imperceptibly, and the egg, together with its coating, is flipped out and falls to the ground. The secretion is dull olive in color when first applied, soon darkening nearly to black. After several days, the color changes to a dull brown in the process of drying and remains so without further change. This secreted covering is friable and easily pried away with needles, parting along lines that mark the bound- aries of the individual applications. In drying, the coating shrinks away from the egg to some extent, leaving a small space between the coating and the egg ; that is, the coating envelopes the egg loosely, the egg being free inside the coating. The measurements of the case or coating are about 1.5 mm. by 0.9 mm. The egg is smooth, shining, pale in color, without visible sculpture at a magnification of 30 X, and measures 1.0 mm. by 0.6 mm. in size. The outside measurements of the case are thus 0.5 by 0.3 mm. larger than the egg. The entire struc- ture resembles nothing so much as an old fashioned peanut candy, except for the difference in color. The process of applying the coating requires about twenty minutes to each egg. After the egg is dropped, the female grooms her appendages carefully and raises and lowers the elytra several times. Occasionally the flight wings are raised and vibrated as though the insect were about to take flight, but Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 in each case the elytra were lowered again without the insect actually attempting to fly. The manner of oviposition resemhles closely that descrihed by Spruyt l for Sa.vinis sancia Leconte, as far as the application of the primary coat is concerned, but this species of Cryptocephalus, at least, applies only the one coat and does not apply the eight serrated bands of material described by Spruyt for sancia. Neither is the primary layer truncated at one end of the longi- tudinal axis in Cryptocephalus, as described for Sa.vinis. On the contrary, the finished case of Cryptocephalus is quite evenly oval in outline. On September 30, fourteen eggs were laid between 8:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M., and at 4:30 P.M. the beetles were again in coitu. On October 1, thirteen eggs were laid. On October 2, three eggs were found and the beetles were again seen to mate, at about 4:30 P.M. On October 3, six eggs were laid. No fur- ther eggs were found until October 6, when four eggs were laid. On October 8, a single egg was laid, and no further eggs were obtained, although the beetles were found mating on several oc- casions thereafter. Observed copulations took place in late afternoon or early evening, whereas oviposition was confined mostly to the morning hours. On October 18. the beetles were preserved as specimens for determination, and since it was desired to keep them as in- tact as possible for this purpose, no dissection of the female was made, so it is not known if a residuum of unlaid eggs remained. However, the total output of eggs of another species of chryso- melid, Trirhabda flai'olinibata Mannerheim, the entire life his- tory of which was observed, varied from 43 to 73 eggs over a period of several weeks, so it is barely possible that the forty-one eggs laid by Cryptocephalus conflucns represent a normal number for the species. Verification of this as fact would require additional observations. Spruyt (op. cit.) found that eggs of Sa.rinis sancia hatched in twenty-six days, but those of Cryptoccphalns overwintered, 1 SPRUYT, F. J., Observations on the egg-laying habits of Sa.rinis Leconte. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 1 (4) : 176-178, 1925. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 and had not hatched when the project was abandoned in March, 1948, for other more pressing duties. Although the eggs when discarded appeared to be still viable, no embryos were found in them. This difference in hatching time may be due in part to the season at which the eggs are laid. The eggs of Sa.vinis were laid in July. The significance of the application of secretions to the eggs is not apparent. Van Dyke - describes the rearing of larvae of Sa.vinis saitcia from ant nests. Lef roy 3 mentions that larvae of Cryptocephalus have been found to be case bearers (as are those of Sa.vinis). However, I have been unable to locate literature stating Cryptocephalus to be myrmecophilous, nor have I seen any paper indicating that anyone has seen ants transport to their nests the eggs of known myrmecophilous Chrysomelidae. The exact origin of the material that forms the case or coating is obscure. At the present time I am unable to say if it is fecal matter or the product of colleterial glands, but the latter ex- planation seems most reasonable. It seems unlikely that the serrated bands of Sa.vinis, at least, could be formed from fecal matter. Moreover, the true feces excreted by both sexes of Cryptocephalus were much less copious than the material that composed the coating. Coleopterists with whom this matter was discussed differed in opinion on this point, which will re- quire additional study to clarify. Deaths Dr. Filippo Silvestri, for many years in charge of the Lab- boratory of Entomology at the Portici Station, and a Corre- sponding Member of the American Entomological Society, died at Bevagna (Perugia), Italy on June 10. Dr. Andrey Avinoff, a Russian born entomologist who was Director of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh from 1926 to 1945, died in New York City on July 16 at the age of 65. - VAN DYKE, E. C., Observations concerning certain Coleoptera from the Yosemite Valley, during the summer of 1921. Pan-Pacific Entomolo- gist 1 (4) : 175-176, 1925. 3 LEFROY, M. H., Manual of Entomology, with special reference to economic entomology. Edward Arnold & Co., London, 1923 (page 195). l.X, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 Preparing Ixodid Ticks for Mounting By ROLAND W. PORTMAN, University of Missouri, Branson, Missouri Several years ago while attempting to classify some Ixodid ticks that had been preserved in 70 per cent alcohol it was found that some means of straightening their legs away from the body was necessary before all their morphological characteristics could be clearly observed. After the following procedure had been developed, it was discovered that the specimens might be glued on insect pins points for display and study, embedded on slides or mounted in many other ways. Then it was real- ized that the stretched ticks were wonderful material for the indoors photographer. It is not known whether the following procedure is entirely original but it seems desirable to describe the technique so that others may be able to take advantage of the method. The materials needed are a supply of ticks, a pair of straight pointed forceps, teasing needle, some microscope slides, some strips of cotton the size of the slides and about one-quarter inch in thick- ness, some strips of fine sandpaper cut to the same size as the slides, and a few rubber bands. Select a tick from the supply and grasp the tick with the forceps along the mid-dorso-ventral line, making sure that none of the legs are held under the forceps. With the fingers of the free hand gently stroke and pull the legs laterally and somewhat anteriorly until the muscles have been relaxed or stretched. This may require a little time to break down the muscle tension. When the legs on one side have been relaxed turn the tick over and repeat the procedure with the legs on the other side. This process must be done gently ; otherwise the pulvilli will be torn from the tarsi, the legs disjointed or pulled from the body. When all the legs have been relaxed, place the tick on a strip of sandpaper with the dorsal side up. Then hold the tick against the sandpaper with a teasing needle and arrange the legs in the desired position. The pulvilli will in most cases 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 catch onto the sandpaper and hold the legs in the desired posi- tion. Several ticks may be arranged on one piece of sandpaper as long as they do not overlap. Practice and experience is the best guide. Then place another strip of sandpaper over the ticks. On this place a strip of cotton, and then a microscope slide. Carefully turn these over and add a strip of cotton and a slide to the other side. Pick up the slides and wrap them with a rubber band. The cotton will act as a cushion but if the rubber band is stretched too tightly the ticks will be crushed flat and they will lose their natural shape. The slides are then set aside for several days until the ticks are thoroughly dried. At times tickets will stick to the sandpaper, but they can be released by bending the sandpaper slightly permitting the ticks to drop off. The legs of those specimens which were not thoroughly relaxed will sometimes curl up while drying but most specimens will be in the exact position in which they were placed. By using Le Page's glue, or similar medium, the ticks may be mounted on insect pin points exposing either the dorsal or ventral aspects. Balsam slides may be prepared by soaking the ticks in xylol for a few minutes before embedding them or in toluene in preparing a clarite slide. The Man who Stole Beetles Systematists should take warning from the plight of a British entomologist whose sad case was reported recently in the London Daily Mail. Mr. Ephinstone Forest Gilmour of Shepherd's Bush, said by the Daily Mail to be a member of the Royal So- ciety of Entomologists, found himself before a West London magistrate. Piled about in the court room were boxes con- taining hundreds of beetles the physical evidence in the case. The result of the litigation was that the defendant received a sentence of three months for stealing beetles from the Natural History Museum in South Kensington. The prosecution said that Mr. Gilmour had held a student's pass to the museum for two years. He was first suspected when the authorities read an article by him in an entomological maga- zine. In it he mentioned having in his collection a species of Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 beetle which the museum staff thought was unique in their own collection. Presumably this specimen was found to be missing, for Mr. Gilmour was placed under observation. He was soon intercepted leaving the museum with 55 speci- mens. He said he was only borrowing them, but the court took a different view of the matter. The home of the defendant was then visited by Detective Inspector Jeffery, and 5,141 beetles were found which were identified as the property of the museum. The moral of this episode might well be, that unrestrained enthusiasm may have dire consequences. M.E.P. Reviews ANT HILL ODYSSEY. By William M. Mann. 338 pp., illus. Atlantic-Little, Brown. Boston. 1948. Price : $3.50. The present volume gives an account of Mann's boyhood and early manhood up until the time he took a position in the U. S. Government Service. Ordinarily such an account would in- terest only a small group of specialized readers, but this book has such a wealth of charm and wit that almost anyone, scientist or layman, who reads the first few pages will feel compelled to read on to the end of the book. Few naturalists, yes, even few sol- diers of fortune, can look back on a more colorful life. Kind and generous, Mann has always had an unusual ability to get along with literally all kinds of people from primitive head hunters to erudite and world-renowned scientists. This understanding of human nature showed up in his early boyhood days in Montana, which, in many respects, are reminiscent of Tom Sawyer. Mann's autobiography is literally one long collecting trip which was fortunately not too frequently interrupted and which ultimately reached out to many of the out-of-the-way places of the world. While still a very small boy in Montana he began collecting toads. Later, and in various parts of the United States, he collected insects, snakes and just about any other kind of animal that one can call to mind. There was, of course, the problem of preserving all of these specimens. Young Mann's solution to the problem in the case of the insects before he knew about pins was as follows : "I "invented a process of putting corks from small bottles in the bottom of a cigar box and sticking them with chewing gum ; to these I fastened my insect specimens, also with chewing gum (later I used glue), and during the spring made a small but to me fascinating collection." As time went on he learned about pins, but there were still many questions about the identity of the numerous specimens which were con- 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 stantly being collected. Thus the need of further education be- came apparent. The following quotation regarding the selection of a college shows Dr. Mann's delightful wit, which is apparent in his conversations as well as in his writing: "It seemed to me that a year in entomology under a teacher would give me a bet- ter understanding of labial palpi, trochanters, and scutelli. A heavy correspondence followed, chiefly in regard to college catalogues, some of which were confusing, but I did learn that Harvard University was not in New Haven, Connecticut, where I had written. "Then came a copy of the magazine, The Canadian Entomolo- gist, and in it was an article entitled 'The Hypopygium of the Tipulidae.' I had to look up the words to see what they meant. The article had been written by Professor Rennie Wilbur Doane of the State College of Washington, and it seemed certain that anybody who could write an article with a title like that would be a good one to explain the things I wanted to know. His col- lege, at Pullman, was the one I selected, though I did not tell my mother the exact reason for going there rather than to some place nearer home." His formal education at Washington State College, at Stan- ford and later at Harvard under the famous William Morton Wheeler gave young Mann a broad basis for his later studies of the animals collected in Brazil. Haiti, Mexico, Arabia and vari- ous Pacific Islands, and fitted him admirably for his government work in entomology and in the Zoo. If there is any one group for which this intriguing book will have a special appeal, it is the myrmecologist and the student of myrmecophiles. For throughout the book, Dr. Mann has in- cluded many interesting accounts of his own special little ani- mals, the ants and their guests. For those already conversant with his many technical papers on this subject, new and inter- esting sidelights await them. For my part, I find only one thing wrong with the book : there is not enough of it. It is certainly to be hoped that Dr. Mann will write further about his many adventures, collecting trips, and friends not mentioned in the present volume. M. W. WING. A CATALOGUE OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. VOLUME II : CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES AND PLANT INSECTICIDES. By Don- ald E. H. Frear. Pp. xii + 154, super roy. oct., Waltham, Mass. 1948: The Chronica Botanica Co.; New York City: Stechert-Hafner, Inc. Price: $5.50. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 The first part of this catalogue was devoted to chemical in- secticides (Ent. News, 59: 55). In the present volume. Dr. Frear presents a list of the chemical fungicides arranged, as were the chemical insecticides, in a code system that places com- pounds that are chemically related near each other in the list. Then follow shorter lists of condensation products, of plant product fungicides and of miscellaneous fungicides. The sec- ond half of this volume is taken up by the long list of plant in- secticides that have been tested, arranged alphabetically. The indexes include a reference and author index, a numerical pat- ent list and, finally, a complete alphabetical index of all the chemical compounds that are mentioned in both volumes. The book is embellished by a frontispiece of Millardet, the discoverer of Bordeaux mixture, and by a number of vignettes of insects and plants reproduced from old sources. We cannot but express our gratitude to the Chronica Botanica Co. for demonstrating that even such a book as this, filled as it is with long lists of dry data, by the selection of the right paper, type, format, by a very few vignettes and by careful make-up can be made to afford the user a degree of esthetic pleasure along with the scientific information. R. G. SCHMIEDER. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY RAYMOND Q. BLISS AND R. G. SCHMIEDER. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the year 1949 unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For other records of general literature and for economic literature, see the Bibliog- raphy of Agriculture, Washington, and the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on medical entomology see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of periodicals and serials published in our January and June issues. The number of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining ex- clusively to Neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL Borodin, D. N. Nicholas J. KU/IIIV.<>Y (1873-1948). (Biogr. sketch and bibliogr.) [Lep. News] 3: 29-34. Ferguson and Jones A survey of the shore-line fauna of the Norfolk Peninsula. [1] 41 :' 436-46. Keen, F. P. Notes on some forest insects of Baja California. [60 1 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 8: 92-93. Michener, C. D. Parallelisms in the evolution of the saturniid moths. [100] 3: 129-41. Mickel, C. E.- The classification of insects. [5] 42: 1-6. Molitor, A. Experiments on the colony foundation of European ants. [45] 57: 101-08. Noland/Lilly and Baumann A labora- tory method for rearing cockroaches, and its application to dietary studies on the German roach. [5] 42: 63-70. Park, O., S. Auerbach and M. Wilson Pselaphid beetles of an Illinois prairie. The fauna and its relation to the prairie peninsula hypothesis. [Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci.] 8 : 268-76, ill. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Basu, A. C. Experiments on the pupa formation of Prodemia litura (Noctu.), a pest of cauliflower in West Bengal. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2: 73-79. Bateman, A. J. Analysis of data on sexual isolation. [100] 3: 174-77. Beard, R. L. Physiological effects of induced hemorrhage in Japanese beetle larvae. [45] 57: 79-91. Bodine and Fitzgerald- The formation of a complex between certain respiratory inhibitors and copper (in Melanoplus differentialis). [105] 33: 215-21. Bohart, G. E. Record of a fungous outbreak among adult bees of the genus Andrena. [60] 8: 82. Cook, E. F. The evolution of the head in the larvae of the Diptera. [50] 14: 1-57. Dinnik and Zumpt The integu- mentarv sense organs of the larvae of Rhipicephalinae (Acarina). [73] 56: 1-17. Fitzgerald, L. R. The alkaline phophatase of the developing grasshopper egg. [41] 110: 461-87. Frick, K. E. The biology of Microvelia capitata in the Panama Canal Zone and its role as a predator on anopheline larvae (Veli.). [5] 42: 77-100. Friese, H.- Uber die Riesenformen der Mannchen bei der Sandbiene (Andrena). [Ent. Tidsk., Stockholm] 70: 106-08. Frigs, H. and M. The loci of contact chemoreceptors in insects. [1] 41: 602-58. Hallenbeck, C. Insect thermometers. [56] 58: 256-59, ill. Hovanitz, W. Interspecific matings between Colias eurytheme and C. philodice in wild popula- tions. [100] 3: 170-73. Jaynes and Speers Biological and ecological studies of the spruce budworm. [37] 42: 221-25. Ktihn, A. Uber die Determination der Form Struktur und Pigmentbildung der Schuppen bei Ephestia kiihniella. [Roux 1 Archiv] 143: 408-87. Laidlaw, H. H., Jr. Devel- opment of precision instruments for artificial insemination of queen bees. [37] 42: 254-61. Maas, A.-H. Uber die Auslosbarkeit von Temperaturemodifikationen wahrend Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 der Embryonalentwicklung von Drosophila melanogaster. [Roux' Archiv] 143: 515-72. Moore, H. W. Variations in fall embryological development of three grasshopper species. [23] 80: 83-88. Mukerji, D. and P. K. Mitra- Ecology of the mound-building termite, Odontotermes redemanni, in relation to measure of control. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2 : 9-27. Pacaud, A. Relations topographique et signification fonctionelle de la localization du glycogene dans le mesenteron des larves de Simulium (Dipt.) au der- nier stade. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228: 1664-65. Pos- sornpes, B. Ablation fractionnee de 1'anneau de Weismann chez la larve de Calliphora erythrocephala. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228: 1527-29. Ray'Chaudhuri, S. P. and J. Das Gupta Cytological studies on the Indian dragonflies. I. Structure and behaviour of the chromosomes in six species of dragonflies (Odonata). [Proc. Zol. Soc. Bengal] 2: 81- 93. Richards, A. G. Studies on arthropod cuticle. III. The chitin of Limulus (Crust.). [80] 109(2841): 591-92. Richards and Fan Studies on Arthropod cuticle. V. The variation in permeability of larval cuticles of the blowfly, Phormia regina. [105] '33: 177-98. Smith and Douglas- An insect respirometer. [5] 42: 14-18. Steinhaus, E. A. Insect pathology : The field concerned, training required and opportunities possible. [23] 81 : 53-57. Strickland, E. H. Wohlfahrtia (Metopi.) myiasis of mink in Alberta. [23] 81: 58-60. Tashiro and 'Schwardt Biology of the major species of horse flies of central New York. [37] 42: 269-72. Toth, L. Nitrogen-binding by Kalotermes flavi- collis. (Isoptera) and its symbionts. [Hungarica Acta Biol., Budapest] 1 : 22-29. Tuxen, S. L. The hot springs, their animal communities and their zoogeographical sig- nificance. [Zool. of Iceland] 1(11): 1-206, ill, 1944. Wel- linston, W. G. The light reactions of the spruce budworm Choristoreura fumiferana (Tortrie). [23] 80: 56-82. Wil- liams, C. M. Extrinsic control of morphogenesis as il- lustrated in the metamorphosis of insects. [Growth] 12 (Supplement) 61-74. Wishart, G. The biology of Melan- ichneumon tubicundus (Ichneumon.). [23] 80: 118-38. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Baker, E. W.- Paratydeidae, a new family of mites. [65] 51: 119-22. Bryant, E. B. The male of Prodidomus rufus (Araneae). [73] 56: 22-25. Cunliffe, F. Pimeliaphilus isometri, a new scorpion parasite from Manila, P. I. (Pterygosom.). [65] 51 : 123-29. Dinnik and Zumpt (See under Anatomy.) 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 Hoff, C. C. Wyochernes hutsoni, a new genus and species of chernetid pseudoscorpion. [84] 68: 40-48. Hoffman, R. L. Nine new xystodesmid millipeds from Virginia and West Virginia, with records of established species. [71] 99 (3244) : 371-89. Janetzschek, H. Zur Brutbiologie von Neobisium jugorum (Arach., Pseudoscorpiones). [Ann. Naturhist. Mus., Wien] 56: 309-16, ill., 1948. Nesbitt, H. H. Six new Mexican mites of the subfamily Rhizogly- phida. [60] 8: 57-70, ill. Tuxen, S. L. Tardigrada. [Zool. of Iceland] 3 (24): 1-11, 1941. Myriopoda. Ibid. 3(36): 1-9. 1941. SMALLER ORDERS Crystal, M. M. A descriptive study of the life history stages of the dog biting louse, Tri- chodectes canis (Mallo. Trichodect.). [18] 44: 89-97. Denning, D. G. A review of the Rhyacophilidae (Tri- chop.). [23] 80: 97-117. Eads and Menzies Meringis bil- singi, a new ectoparasite of the kangaroo rat, Dipodoznys ordii (Siphon. Hystrichopsyll.). [65] 51: 116-18. Fri- strup, B. Neuroptera and Trichoptera. [Zool. of Iceland] 3(43-44) : 1-23, 1942. Grensted, L. W. Some questions of nomenclature in the Odonata. [28] 85 : 134-35. Mac Swain, J. W. A method of collecting male sty lops (Strep- siptera). [60] 8: 89-91. Mukerji, D. and P. K. Mitra- (See under Anatomy.) Overgaard, C. Mallophaga and Anoplura. [Zool. of Iceland] 3(42) : 1-22, 1942. Park, O. A notable aggregation of Collembola. [5] 42: 7-9. Ray Chaudhuri, S. P. and J. Das Gupta (See under Anatomy.) Rehn, J. A. G. Dermaptera records from the Solomon, New Hebrides and Loyalty Islands. [83] 74: 159-63. Der- maptera records from various Pacific Is. Ibid.: 165-71 (*). Teale, E. W. Fish-fly (Neuropt.). [56] 58: 274-75. Toth, L. (See under Anatomy.) ORTHOPTERA Bodine and Fitzgerald (See under Anatomy.) Fitzgerald, L. R. (See under Anatomy.) Hallenbeck, C. (See under Anatomy.) Hetriek, L. A. The oviposition of the two-striped walking stick, Aniso- morpha buprestoides (Phasmid.). [65] 51 : 103-04. Moore, H. W. (See under Anatomy.) Noland, Lilly and Baumann (See under Anatomy.) Paul and Berg An outbreak of Aeropedellus clavatus (Acrid.). [23] 80: 174- 75. Stroud and Strohecker Notes on White Sands Gryl- lacrididae. [65] 51: 125-26. HEMIPTERA DeLong, D. M. A new name for a species of Scaphoideus previously placed under the name Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 luteolus. [58] 49: 83-84. Frick, K. E. (See under Anat- omy.) Fristrup, B. Heteroptera and Homoptera Au- chenorhyncha. ' [Zool. of Iceland] 3(51): 1-21, 1945. Hottes, F. C. Notes on a little known work of Ph. F. Gmelin published in 1758 wherein he describes some new species of Aphis. [60] 8: 83-87. Qadri, M. A. H. On the digestive system and the skeleto-muscular structures of the head capsule in the mango-hoppers, Idiocerus niveosparsus and I. clypealis (Homo. Jass.). [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2 : 43-55. LEPIDOPTERA Basu, A. C. (See under Anatomy.) Borodin, D. N. (See under General.) Bourgoyne, J. Ob- servations sur 1'instinct des chenilles de Psychidae. [108] 54 : 49-52. Chermock, R. L. The new satyrids from North America. [23] 80: 172-73. Darlington, E. P. Notes on some North American Lepidoptera reared on sweet fern (Comptonia asplenifolia) with description of new species. [83] 74: 173-85, ill. Hovanitz, W. (See under Anatomy.) Jaynes and Speers (See under Anatomy.) Kuhn, A. (See under Anatomy.) Michener, C. D. (See under Anat- omy.) Rawson, G. W. A migration of the snout butter- fly (Libytheana bachmanni) in eastern Arizona. [Lep. News] 3 : 23. Tilden, J. W. Occurrences of diurnal Lepi- doptera at light. [60] 8: 94-96. Wellinston, W. G. (See under Anatomy.) Wilkes, Coppel and Mathers Notes of the insect parasites of the spruce bud worm Choristoneura fumiferana in British Columbia. [23] 80: 138-55. Wil- liams, C. M. (See under Anatomy.) DIPTERA Abdel-Malek, A. A study of the morphol- ogy of the immature stages of Aedes trivittatus (Culic.). [5] 42: 19-37. Alexander, C. P. New species of crane-flies from South America. Part XIII (Tipul.). [5] 42: 101- 19. New or insufficiently known crane-flies from the Ne- arctic region. Part X. ' [18] 44: 98-104. New Nearctic crane-flies. |23] 80: 166-71. Bateman, A. J. (See under Anatomy.) Berry and Parker (See under Coleoptera.) Breland, O. P. The biology and the immature stages of the mosquito, Megarhinus septentrionalis. [5| 42: 38 1-7. Distinctive features of the larvae of Aedes alleni. [45] 57: 93-100. Colles, D. H. -The anopheline mosquitoes of north-west Borneo. [Proc. Linnaean Soc.] 73: 71-119, 1948. Cook, E. F. (See under Anatomy.) Cresson, E. T., Jr. A systematic annotated arrangement of the genera and species of the North American Ephydridae. [83] 74: 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 225-60 (k*). Frick, K. E. (See under Anatomy.) Hull, F. M. Some flies of the Genus Volucella from the New World (Syrph.). [73] 56: 26-40 (*). Hull, F. M. Amer- ican syrphid flies of the subfamilies Cheilosinae or Sys- phinae. [18] 44: 73-79 (*). James, M. T. Some new and poorly known Therevidae from Colorado. [5] 42: 1013 (k*). Komp, W. H. W. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nubilus Theobald, 1903, a synonym of A. (O.) serratus (Culic.). [65] 51: 105-14. Lange, W. H., Jr. Notes on the occur- rence of Agromyzid flies during 1948, and a record of two unreported species in California. [60] 8: 91-92. Leclercq, M. Observations ecologique sur les mouches de iios habi- tations. [Rev. Franc. d'Ent] 16: 46-49. Maas, A.-H.- (See under Anatomy.) Mimeur, J. M. Contribution a etude des Zoocecidies du Marac. [Encyclop. Ent., Paris] 24: 3-259, ill. Pacaud, A. (See under Anatomy.) Quis- enberry, B. F. The genus Oxyna in the Nearctic region north of Mexico. [60] 8: 71-76 (*), ill. Richards and Fan (See under Anatomy.) Spiess, E. B. Drosophila in New England. [45] 57 : 117-31. Stone, A. Deuterophlebia col- oradensis in Oregon (Deuterophlebi). [65] 51: 122. Strickland, E. H. (See under Anatomy.) Tashiro and Schwardt (See under Anatomy.) COLEOPTERA Balfour-Browne, J. The aquatic cole- optera of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. [23] 80: 156- 65 (*). Beard, R. L. (See under Anatomy.) Berry and Parker Investigations on a South American Epilachna sp. and the importation of its parasite Lydinolydella metallica into the United States (Coccinell. Larvaevor.). [65] 51: 93-103. Cartwright, O. L. The American species of Pleu- rophorus (Scarab.). [83] 74: 131-45 (k*). Atoenius stri- gatus and allied species in the United States. Ibid.: 147- 153 (k*). Davies, R. G. The biology of Laemophloeus minutus (Cucuj.). [19] 40: 63-82. Hatch, M. H. Studies on the Coleoptera of the Pacific northwest III: Carabidae: Harpalinae. [18] 44: 80-88 (*). Hocking, B. Hornia minutipennis a new record and some notes on behaviour (Meloi.). [23] 81: 61-66. Leech, H. B. Some nearctic species of hybradephagid water beetles, new and old. [23] 80: 89-96. Malkin, B. Notes on Oregon Coccinellidae. [45] 57: 133-34. Observation on the courtship of Brenthis archorago (Brenth.). Ibid.: 135-37. Marshall, M. Y- Studies in the Malachiidae II. [27] 28: 113-44 (k*). McKeown, K. C. Catalogue of the Cerambycidae of Aus- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 tralia. [Austral. Mus., Memoir] 10: 1-190, 1947. A refer- ence list of types of Coleoptera in the Australian Museum. [Austral. Mus., Records] 22: 95-139, 1948. Milliron, H. E. The identity of two introduced clover seed weevils (Cur- culion.). [45'] 57: 109-16. Monte, O The weevils of the genus Tachygonus in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of new species. [71] 99(3226) : 213-27 (S). Pimentel, D. Biology of Grathocerus cornutus. [37] 42: 229-31. Robinson, M. A new species of Canthon with a key to the humectas group. [83] 74: 155-57. Van Dyke, E. C. New species of North American Coleoptera (Carab., Cerebr., Bupr., Dryop., Eroty., Curcul.). [60] : 50-56. Vogt, G. B. Five new Buprestidae from south Texas. [5] 42: 48-54. Wilkes, Coppel and Mathers (See under Lepidoptera.) HYMENOPTERA Bohart, G. E. New North Amer- ican bees of the genus Dufoutea (Halict.). [5] 42: 55-62. (Also see under Anatomy.) Brown, W. L., Jr. Synonymic and other notes on Formicidae. [73] 56: 41-49. Cockerell, T. D. A. Bees from Central America, principally Hon- duras. [71] 98 (3233) : 429-40 (k*). Cole, A. C. A study of the genus Gesomyrmex, and a description of a species new to the genus (Formic.). [5] 42: 71-76 (k). Doutt, R. L. The genus Erythmelus in California (Mymarid). [60] 8: 77-82 (k). Fariringer, J. Opuscula braconologia (Sub- family Cenocoeliinae). [Ann. Naturhist. Mus., Wien] 56: 569-75, 1948. Friese, H. (See under Anatomy.) Fulla- way, D. T. A new species of Opius from the Philippine Is- lands (Bracon.). [65] 51: 114-15. Krombein, K. A new subspecies of Pterombrus rufiventris. [60] 8: 88-89. Laid- law, H. H., Jr. (See under Anatomy.) Larsson, S. G. Myrer (Formicidae). [Danmarks Fauna] 49: 1-190, ill., 1943. Milliron, H. E. Taxonomic and biological investi- gations in the genus Megastigmus (Callimom.). [1| 41: 257-420 (k*). Molitor, A. (See under General.) Scullen, H. A. Identification of Cerceris clypeata. [60] 8: 70. Smith, M. R. On the status of Cryptocenus Latreille and Cephalotes Latreille (Formic.). ' |73] 56: 18-21 (*). Townes, H. The nearctic species of the family Stephani- dae. [71] 99(3243): 361-70 (k*). Wesson, L. G., Jr.- Strumigenys venatrix synonymous with S. talpa. | 73 | 56: 21. Wilkes, Coppel and Mathers (See under Lepidop- tera.) Wishart, G. (See under Anatomy.) 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '49 List of Titles of Publications Referred to by Numbers in Entomological Literature in Entomological News. 1. American Midland Naturalist. Notre Dame, Indiana. 2. American Museum Novitates. New York, N. Y. 3. American Naturalist. Garrison-on-Hudson, New York. 4. Annals of Applied Biology. London. 5. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. Columbus, Ohio. 6. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London. 7. Annales Academia Brasileira Sciencias. Rio de Janeiro. 8. Anales del Institute de Biologia Mexico. Mexico City. 9. Anatomical Record. Philadelphia. 10. Arkiv for Zoologie. K. Svenska Vetenkapsakademien i. Stockholm. 11. Arquivos de Higiene e Saude Publica. Sao Paulo. 12. Biological Bulletin. Woods Hole, Massachusetts. 13. Bios, Rivista Biol. Geneva. 14. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana. Caracas. 15. Boletin del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado." Lima, Peru. 16. Boletin do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Brasil. 17. Bull. Acad. Sci. (Izvestia Akad. nauk) USSR (S. biol.). 18. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. New York. 19. Bulletin of Entomological Research. London. 20. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass. 21. Bulletin of the Southern California Acad. of Sciences. Los Angeles. 22. C. r. Acad. Sci. (Doklady Akad. nauk) USSR. Leningrad. 23. Canadian Entomologist. Guelph, Canada. 24. Canadian Journal of Research. Ottawa, Canada. 25. Ecological Monographs. Durham, North Carolina. 26. Ecology. Durham, North Carolina. 27. Entomologica Americana. Brooklyn Ent. Society, New York. 28. Entomological Monthly Magazine. London. 29. Entomological Record and Journal of Variations. London. 30. The Entomologist. London. 31. Florida Entomologist. Gainesville, Florida. 32. Frontiers. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 33. Great Basin Naturalist. Provo, Utah. 34. Iowa State College Journal of Science. Ames, Iowa. 35. Journal of Agricultural Research. Washington, D. C. 36. Journal of Animal Ecology. London. 37. Journal of Economic Entomology. Geneva, New York. 38. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Science Society. Chapel Hill, N. C. 39. Journal of Entomology and Zoology. Claremont, California. 40. Journal of Experimental Biology. London. 41. Journal of Experimental Zoology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 42. Journal of Heredity. Baltimore, Maryland. 43. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Lawrence, Kansas. 44. Journal of Morphology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 45. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. New York. 46. Journal of Parasitology. New York. 47. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Sciences. Nashville, Tenn. 48. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C. 49. Memorias do Institute) Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. 50. Microentomology. Stanford University, California. 51. The Microscope and Entomological Monthly. London. 52. Mosquito News. Albany, New York. 53. Nature. London. 54. Nature. Washington, D. C. 55. La Naturaliste Canadien. Quebec. 56. Natural History. New York. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 57. Occasional Papers, Mus. of Zool., Univ. of Michigan. Ann Arbor. 58. Ohio Journal of Science. Columbus, Ohio. 59. Opinions and Declarations. Intern. Com. Zool. Nomencl. London. 60. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. San Francisco, California. 61. Parasitology. London. 62. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia. 63. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, D. C. 64. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science. San Francisco. 65. Proceedings of the Entom. Soc. of Washington. Washington, D. C. 66. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Honolulu. 67. Proceedings of the National Acad. of Sciences. Washington, D. C. 68. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Ser. A. 69. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Ser. B. 70. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Ser. C. 71. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. Washington, D. C. 72. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. London. 73. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. Boston, Massachusetts. 74. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. London. 75. Quarterly Review of Biology. Baltimore, Maryland. 76. Revista Academia Columbiana de Cien Exact. Fis. y Nat. Bogota. 77. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. Valparaiso, Chile. 78. Revista Institute Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales. Mexico. 79. Revista Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. Mexico City. 80. Science. Washington, D. C. 81. Scientific Monthly. New York. 82. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington, D. C. 83. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia. 84. Transactions of the Amer. Micros. Soc. Menasha, Wisconsin. 85. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Sciences. Springfield. 86. Transactions of the Kansas Acad. of Sci. Manhattan, Kansas. 87. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute. Toronto. 88. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society. London. 89. U. S. Dept. of Agric., Farmer's Bulletins. Washington, D. C. 90. U. S. Dept. of Agric., Technical Bulletins. Washington. D. C. 91. University of California Publications in Entomology. Berkeley. 92. University of California Publications in Zoology. Berkeley. 93. University of Kansas, Science Bulletins. Lawrence, Kansas. 94. Ward's Natural Science Bulletin. Rochester, New York. 95. Zoologica. New York. 96. American Journal of Public Health. Boston. 97. American Journal of Tropical Medicine. Baltimore. 98. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. Liverpool. 99. Canadian Journal of Research. Section E, Medical Sciences, Ottawa. 100. Evolution. New York. 101. Mitteilungen der schweitzerischen entomologischen Gcsellschaft, Bern. 102. Revue de Entomologie. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 103. Procedings of the Royal Society of London. 104. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas. Mexico. 105. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology. Philadelphia. 106. Redia. Florence, Italy. 107. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. Paris. 108. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France. Paris. 109. Notulae Naturae. Philadelphia. 110. L'Entomologiste. Paris. 111. Revista Brasiliera de Biologic. Rio de Janeiro. 112. Eos, Revista Espanola de Entomologia. Madrid. 113. Minist. de Agri. de la Nacion, Inst. Sanidad Vegetal. Buenos Aires. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera -Large quantities of Plexippus, Colias, Cardui, Vanil- lae wanted for cash or exchange for tropical butterflies. G. Mac- Bean, 710 Miller Rd., Sea Island, Vancouver, B. C. Ants of the tribe Dacetini (Strumigenys, Rhopalothrix and related genera) wanted for world revision. W. L. Brown, Jr., Harvard Uni- versity Biological Laboratories, Cambridge 38, Mass. Mallophaga (on which immediate determination is not necessary) wanted for study and determination. R. L. Edwards, Dept. Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. Tingidae (Heteroptera) of the world wanted, in alcohol, with host and other ecological data. Will collect other orders in exchange. N. S. Bailey, 16 Neponset Ave., Hyde Park 36, Mass. Bombidae, nearctic and neotropical, wanted for exchange, identi- fication, or purchase. Will exchange in other groups for bumblebees. Barth Maina, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111. Saturnidae of the world. Will purchase individual specimens or cocoons. F. E. Rutkowski, St. Bede College, Peru, Illinois, U. S. A. Butterflies of New England, principally from New Haven, Conn., for exchange. Louis Clarke, 28 W. Elm St., New Haven 15, Conn. Wanted Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vols. 1-6; Proc. Cal. Acad. (Nat.) Sci., 1-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1-20; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1-10; Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1-5; Psyche, 11, 13, 15; Ent. Amer. n.s., 7-26. C. F. dos Passes, Mendham, N. J. Miridae (Capsidae) American species wanted, with locality labels, in exchange for British species. D. Leston, F.R.E.S., 6 Frognal Rise, London N. W. 3, England. Wanted Entomological microscope in good condition; Spencer, Bausch & Lomb, or other standard make. David G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N.W., Washington 11, D. C. W. S. Blatchley Books for Sale Rhyncophora of N. E. America, 1916, 682 pp., Paper $4.00 Orthoptera of N. E. America, 1920, 784 pp., Paper 5.00 Heteroptera of E. N. America, 1926, 1116 pp., Cloth 10.00 Coleoptera of Indiana, when available . . 50.00 Address Librarian, Blatchley Nature Study Club, Noblesville, Indiana. GOOD STORAGE EQUIPMENT PROTECTS YOUR COLLECTION . . . LOOK TO WARD'S FOR SUPPLIES Protect your collection with guaranteed storage equip- ment from Ward's. A complete supply of equipment necessary from the first stage of preparation to the final storage process. Attractive, serviceable equip- ment guaranteed to serve well and long. Write for free equipment catalogs UUAPFVQ Natural Science Establishment, Inc. W 1 1 1^ ^J &ivi*Uf the ftatusuil SdestceA. Situx 1862. 3000 Ridge Road East Rochester 9, New York Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. r ~ i G ^ew and Worthwhile Books BIOLOGY of DROSOPHILA Edited by M. DEMEREC This new and unique volume, which includes contributions from seven experts, treats the anat- omy, histology, and development of this important laboratory insect. The basic norm is presented as 1) a standard for the analysis of experimentally induced genetic variation and deviation, and 2) for other physiological studies. Biology of Drosophila shows the histological structure of all organ-systems by means of pho- tomicrographs and their in situ relationships by means of line drawings. The book also contains extensive bibliographies, a large number of original figures and diagrams, and descriptions of collecting, shipping, culturing, feeding, and other laboratory techniques. Ready In October Approx. 6OO pages 251 ill us. Prob. $IO.OO A TEXTBOOK of ENTOMOLOGY By HERBERT H. ROSS This book is already widely acclaimed because through it the beginner can study entomology from a broad point of view. It pictures the subject in relation to the whole field of biology, with a thor- ough coverage of the fundamentals and emphasis on important basic principles. 1948 532 pages 439 '//us. $6.OO JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc., 440-4th Ave., New York 16 I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY 1949 Vol. LX No. 7 CONTENTS Hubbard Fleas of the sagebrush vole 169 Pate Minute on Podium luctuosum 174 Fichter Mating and oviposition of Creophilus 175 LaRivers Eusattus vs. Sphaeriontis 179 Valentine and Wilson Zoraptera from Alabama 180 Cole Notes on Gesomyrmex 181 Bick Night collecting of dragonflies 182 Calvert D D T and Trematode diseases 183 Current Entomological Literature 184 Reviews : A general textbook of entomology^ The fie" ' I0 CT 2 5 1949 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCiffv AUGUST AND SEPTEMBE:Ri BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $3.13; 50 copies, $313; 100 copies, $3 75. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $5.00; 50 copies, $5.00; 100 copies, $5.94. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $7.81; 50 copies, $7.81; 100 copies, $9.06. Covers: first 50, $3.44; additionals at .025 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.50; additional at 0.188 cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS. INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LX JULY, 1949 No. 7 Additional Data Upon the Fleas of the Sagebrush Vole By C. ANDRESEN HUBBARD, Vanport College, Portland, Oregon Since publishing last month (Ent. News, June 1949, pp. 141- 144) on the fleas of the Sagebrush Vole in the State of Wash- ington, the writer has been fortunate in having Dr. C. W. Clan- ton of the Washington State Board of Health send him several new batches of fleas from west of the Columbia River, whereas previous parcels had been taken east of the River, and through his own efforts in the field in the vicinity where Oregon, Cali- fornia and Nevada meet he collected from this mouse in all three states. The writer's voles (Lagnrus curatatits) were taken in live traps baited with apple and oatmeal in gullies that had had streams in their bottoms earlier in the year. The gullies were in sagebrush plains. The voles were taken in the ratio of about 1 to 4 with the meadow mouse Microtus inontanus and on the latter's runs. This new study, then, gives a picture of the fleas of Lagurus from Washington, Oregon, California and Nevada. Throughout their range these desert meadow mice carry a Thrassis of their own which the writer described in last month's article as Thrassis gladiolis johnsoni. The writer can now re- port this flea off Lagurus ciimtatus pauperrimus (State of Washington Sagebrush Vole) on both the east and west side of the Columbia River which cuts the range of the mouse in two in the State of Washington. The records are from Davenport, Lincoln County, Washington, April, May and June, a large series. This is east of the Columbia River. And from Ellens- burg, Kitittas County, Washington, during June and early July (169) OCT 2 5 1949 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '49 a good series from west of the River. And off La-gurus cura- tatits intermedius (Intermediate Sagebrush Vole), 14 miles north of Fort Bidwell, Modoc County, California, 2 males, 3 females; 13 miles south Adel, Lake County, Oregon, 1 male, 2 females ; 49 Ranch, 4 miles west Vya, Washoe County, Nevada, 5 pair. These data answer the question raised by the writer last month of how a Thrassis gladiolis could appear in Washington. Lagurus has carried it from south to north, in the south the range of the mouse being in the same dry sagebrush plains as Citellus leucurus, the Antelope Ground Squirrel, which is the true host of the flea Thrassis gladiolis gladiolis in southern Ore- gon, Nevada and California. The writer has found no variation in Thrassis gladiolis john- soni in the range of the Sagebrush Vole. A flea of the genus Megabothris carried by these mice shows considerable variation, however. Several hundred specimens delivered to the writer by Dr. Clanton from east of the Columbia River in Washington showed no great variation. These the writer described last month as Megabothris clantoni. The writer finds that the related flea from Lagurus c. intermediiis is different and new and shall be called : Megabothris princei, a new species There are before the writer at this time the holotype male and allotype female and a short series of paratypes. The new flea lies between Megabothris abantis and M. clantoni. Male : Process of clasper as in abantis and clantoni. Finger with general shape of clantoni but with portion above shank rec- tangular rather than constricted apically as in clantoni. Arma- ture as in abantis, i.e., 3 spiniforms on posterior border, two short, plump ones above, long pointed one below ; the lower shorter one closer to the long one. VIII sternite in male similar to clantoni but armature consists of more stout curved bristles at apex and a constriction on lower border at about mid point. Female : Apical outline of VII sternite not easily separated from abantis and clantoni, consisting in the allotype of a single Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 rounded upper lobe, the armature of 8 major bristles and a lesser number of minor ones to the anterior. Spermatheca characteristic for the abantis-clantoni series but in type finger- like appendix is flattened apically toward body. The male of the new flea is 2.75 mm. long, the female 2.25 mm. The type locality is the draw behind the 49 Ranch house (deserted) 4 miles west of Vya, Washoe County, NEVADA. The type host is Lagitrus cnratatits intenncdiits (Taylor). The types, mounted on separate slides, bearing the writer's number 2712 are deposited in the National Museum. Paratypes are de- posited in British Museum, Canadian National Museum, Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and California Acad- emy of Science. This flea bears the name of Frank Prince, Entomologist at Plague Suppressive Measures Laboratory, San Francisco, California. Records: Off Lagitrus cnratatits intermedius (Taylor), 49 Ranch, 4 miles west Vya, Washoe County, Nevada. Types and 3 males and 5 females; 14 miles north Fort Bidwell, Modoc County, CALIFORNIA, 2 males, 1 female; 13 miles south Adel, Lake County, Oregon, 1 male, 2 females. Off Microtns montanns micropus Hall, 49 Ranch, Vya, Ne- vada, a male. During mid-summer Dr. Clanton changed his field of opera- tions from east of the Columbia River in central Washington to west of the River. When the writer examined the fleas sent him off Lagurus from west of the River no variation was found in Thrassis gladiolis johnsoni but the Megabothris was different from the form east of the River. The new variation shall be called : Megabothris clantoni johnsoni, a new subspecies There are before the writer at this time the holotype male, the allotype female and 5 pairs of paratypes. In the new sub- species the finger is like clantoni but the VIII sternite is like princei and, since siphonapterists have given more weight to the finger than the VIII sternite in taxonomic studies, johnsoni is closest to clantoni. 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u* '49 Male : Finger ham shaped as in both clantoni and princei but, as in clantoni, constricted at the apex. Armature as in clantoni, on posterior border below the characteristic long pointed spini- form, above it a short plump spiniform and at apical angle a short stout bristle, which in a small percentage of cases is spini- form. The VIII sternite is princei-like in that apically it is armed with a series of curved long bristles followed proximally by a series of short ones. Female: VII sternite as in the clantoni-princei-abantis series, with rounded upper lobe in allotype, the armature consisting of about 7 major bristles, 4 medium ones and as many small ones. Spermatheca typical for the group. This flea is smaller than clantoni and princei measuring only about 2.00 mm. in both sexes. The type locality is 18 miles east of Ellensburg, Kitittas County, WASHINGTON where Dr. Clan- ton took the fleas off Lagurus curatatus pauperrimiis, the type host. The holotype male and allotype female are mounted on one slide bearing the writer's number 2759 and deposited in the National Museum ; paratypes distributed as for M. princei. This flea bears the name of Dr. Murray Johnson, Surgeon, of Tacoma, Washington, one of the leading naturalists of the State. From this report it seems likely that the Columbia River is the dividing line between the range of M. c. clantoni to the east and M. c. johnsoni to the west. OTHER FLEAS FROM LAGURUS Two interesting records from Dr. Clanton's material from west of the Columbia River are from one vial of fleas off La- gurus : 48 males, 90 females of Meringis shannoni (Pocket Mouse flea) with only 5 pairs of Thrassis gladiolis johnsoni and 1 male Megabothris clantoni johnsoni. A second vial contained 6 pairs Megabothris c. johnsoni, 10 pairs Tlirassis g. johnsoni, a pair Catallagia dccipiens, 1 male Meringis shannoni. The writer took off Lagurus c. intcrmedius besides Thrassis g. john- soni and Megabothris princei, Malaracus tclchinnni and Catal- lagia decipiens. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 a a a a a e Vj .S ftk. '-0 ' o -a o 05 o 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u* '49 In closing this article the writer wishes to say that the voles taken by him were brought back to the laboratory alive. It is now 2 P.M. and they have just ventured out of their nests for afternoon feed and exercise. The mice are gray, lacking the red found on the back of Microtus and their tails are very short, less than an inch in the mature mouse. As they feed, they go first to the apple. Apple then should be used as bait in live traps. Lagurus rises early for breakfast and at this time, coming from their warm nests, they carry many fleas. They soon dust them off, however, and catches later in the clay bring the collector few fleas. Fleas from Lagurus in Washington have been found plague positive but it is not known as yet which of the Laguran fleas are vectors, although Alalaraens telchinum has definitely been condemned as a vector. Because of the plague angle, Lagurus and its fleas should be handled with some caution. A Minute on Podium Luctuosum (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) Ever since Frederick Smith described Podium Inctuosutn from North Carolina in 1856, this wasp has been a rather rare species. Kohl reported it from Texas in 1902, and in recent years a few specimens have been taken at or in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. A specimen of Podium hictnosuni was taken July, 1948 in a sand pit adjacent to Six Mile Creek, Ithaca, N. Y. This represents the northernmost record for the species up to the present. The specimen captured was a female carrying its prey, a female cockroach, Parcoblatta virginica (Brunner) [det. James A. G. Rehn]. Nothing has hitherto been known about the biology of Iiictiiosuin, although Rau presented a short but interesting account of the other Nearctic species, P. bigut- tatum. V. S. L. PATE, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 Notes on the Mating Behavior and Oviposition of Creophilus maxillosus (Linne) By GEORGE S. FIGHTER, Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio Creophilus maxillosus is conspicuously larger than the ma- jority of beetles found around carrion. It can be distinguished easily from other beetles approximating its size by its Staphy- linid characteristic of abbreviated elytra. No other Staphy- linids of comparable size are found in such a habitat. Excluding the areas of whitish-yellow setae described below, the coloration of the beetles is entirely black. Since Creophilus ma.rillosus is attracted to carrion, small vertebrate carcasses were employed as lures. These were placed at various locations in the field and examined regularly in order to collect the beetles attracted there. Many different animals (fish, frogs, turtles, snakes, lizards, birds, mice, rats, cats, and rabbits) were utilized in the course of the experiment. All served equally well as lures for the beetles. Rats were used most commonly. The carcasses were generally placed directly on the surface of the ground. No attempt was made to trap the beetles at the car- rion since the carcasses were examined frequently and the pres- ence of an adequate food supply was sufficient to cause the beetles to linger. In addition, placing the carrion in containers and sinking the containers into the ground so that their brims are flush with the surface, which is the normal procedure for trap- ping, reduces its accessibility. When the carrion is completely exposed, there is nothing to hinder the natural dissemination of its odor and, hence, its discovery is facilitated. MATING BEHAVIOR In the laboratory the adult beetles were kept in a glass ter- rarium (35 X 15 X 12 centimeters) in which the dirt level was maintained at four to five centimeters. The beetles copulated readily under laboratory conditions, and the act was also ob- 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u. '49 served on numerous occasions in the field. The following is a composite description of the observations noted. When two beetles approached each other for the first time, they brought their antennae and mouth parts into contact momentarily, brushing them against each other rapidly. They generally fol- lowed this by examining the tips of their abdomens with their an- tennae. These preliminary activities apparently were a means of sex identification. For if the two beetles were of the same sex, they snapped viciously at one another with their mandibles, disengaged themselves after a temporary struggle, and separated hurriedly. On the other hand, if the two beetles were of op- posite sexes, the male would immediately attempt to crawl astride the female. Frequently the female resisted such advances either by elevating the tip of her abdomen so that the male could not mount her or by running away rapidly. In either case the male at first persisted in its attempts. If the female ran, the male usually followed in close pursuit and sometimes succeeded in overtaking her. When the male's endeavors were continu- ally rejected, the copulation attempt was finally abandoned. When successful in mounting the female in the usual manner crawling astride from the rear the male bent the tip of its abdomen down to contact the slightly upturned tip of the female's abdomen and at the same time exserted its genitalia. At the insertion of the genitalia the male was astride the female. Its pro- thoracic legs were rested on the humeral angles of the female's elytra and were supported on their transversely expanded tarsites. The terminal tarsites, bearing the strongly curved claws, were pro- truded at the sides of the elytra and not employed in any manner of support. The mesothoracic legs were either rested on the edge of the abdominal segments or extended to the ground. Likewise, the metathoracic legs were stretched clown at the sides of the female to rest on the ground. This position of embrace characteristic of the initial stages of coitus w r as never maintained over a long period of time. Some- times the female kept in continuous movement, and the union was accomplished as the beetles ran along, with the male jostled up and down in its awkward, insecure position. In most cases, Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 however, the female remained motionless during the insertion of the genitalia but moved off after the elapse of a few seconds. Since the male had no firm clasp on the female with its tarsal claws and was attached to her only by its genitalia, the female glided from beneath the male easily in such cases, and the male became oriented so that it faced in the opposite direction to the female. The two remained united only by their genitalia. Unless the specimens were of similar size, the larger of the two usually crawled off. dragging its companion behind it. The smaller of the two seldom resisted or attempted to oppose the direction chosen by its mate. Both sexes were observed at- tacking and consuming maggots in many instances during coitus. Sometimes a second male attempted to copulate with a female already engaged. In such cases the two males snapped viciously at one another. An interference of that sort often resulted in the disengagement of the copulating pair. Then the stronger of the two males would engage the female again unless she man- aged to escape completely. The males were totally indifferent to one another in her absence. In the specimens confined to cages, the act of coitus was at- tempted almost every time a male chanced to encounter a fe- male, even though it was the same one with which the act had just been completed. The sexual impulse of the male was ap- parently stimulated at the slightest contact with a female. The duration of the act was brief, and the beetles normally disengaged themselves within three to five minutes. OVIPOSITION Eggs were deposited singly both above and below the surface of the ground. The dirt level was maintained at approximately five centimeters in the cages, and eggs were frequently found on the bottom as well as at various levels up to and on the sur- face. Likewise, eggs were found on the surface, beneath the carrion, and at various levels below the surface in the field. It seems likely from such discoveries that the beetles do not select particular depths of situations in which to place their eggs but are indiscriminate. 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J u \y, '49 Although oviposition below the surface of the ground was never observed, it was seen on several occasions at the surface level. The female made no elaborate preparation of the sub- stratum to form a slit or cavity of any sort for the reception of the egg. She merely applied the tip of her abdomen to the sur- face and at the same time generally elevated the anterior portion of her body slightly by stiffening the fore and middle legs. The rigid condition of the abdomen frequently pushed its tip into the soil and produced a slight depression, but this seemed wholly dependent on the nature of the soil. The entire act required little more than a minute if the female were left undisturbed. Immediately after the egg was deposited, the female crawled away without examining the egg or attempting to conceal it. In several instances females in the process of ovipositing were accosted by males which attempted copulation. If the female had actually begun discharging the egg from her abdomen, such an interruption seemed to accelerate her activity. On the other hand, if she had just assumed her position, she tried to ward the male off in the usual fashion by fighting or running away hurriedly. In the latter instances the act was usually completed in a more secluded section of the cage. Despite the apparent haphazard placement of the eggs, it should be noted that they are, nevertheless, advantageously lo- cated. The congregation of adult beetles about carrion brings together large numbers of males and females, and the associa- tion naturally results in mating and oviposition at that site. Eggs deposited in such surroundings are incubated by the heat of the decay, and the newly emerged larvae have little distance to travel in locating supply of food. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 Eusattus vs. Sphaeriontis By IRA LA RIVERS, University of Nevada, Reno In 1908, Col. T. L. Casey described the genus Sphaeriontis to include "five known species," which he arranged in a key : 5". muricata (Le Conte) 1852, S. dilatata (Le Conte) 1852, S. acomana n. sp., 6". ciliata (Horn) 1894 and 5". puberula (Le Conte) 1854. He further emphasized that 5. dilitata could not be considered a synonym of S. muricata, as Horn had indicated as early as his 1870 monograph on the family. Having had occasion to go over Eusattus and Sphaeriontis somewhat completely in the recent past, it became rather obvi- ous that the group as defined by Casey was more finely drawn than the actual specimens themselves warranted. My conclu- sions are that Spliacriontis is a weak subgenus of Eusattus, and perfect intergradation between Eusattus muricatus and E. dila- tatus in my series indicates that Horn was correct in synony- mizing the latter with the former. Casey makes mention of the "densely punctulate epipleurae and more or less confluent granules of the elytra" as "amply distinguishing it" (dUatatus) "from muricata, aside from its radically different habitat." The morphologic structures he calls attention to are those which Horn long ago fully demon- strated to be too weak and intergrading to be of value, and it is difficult to see why Casey resurrected them. As for their being "radically different" in habitat, my experience has shown that the two occur in identical situations, on sand dunes or in sanded areas ; perhaps Casey's biologic information was based on sec- ond-hand data from others or gleaned from collecting one or a few anomalous individuals "out of character." Another possible source of error may have been the fact that Casey based some of his conclusions as to relationships within the group solely on published descriptions not having seen, at the time of his paper, specimens of E. dilatatus, E. pubcrulus or E. ciliatus. In addition, the three species Casey added to the genus are quite patently synonyms of Eusattus muricatus, my conclusions being based on specimens from his type locality. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '49 The synonymy should be indicated as Eusattus Le Conte 1852 (S phaeriontis Casey 1908) muricatus Le Conte 1852 (dilatatus Le Conte 1852) (acotnana Casey 1908) (latissima (Casey) 1924) (julvesccns (Casey) 1924) ciliatus Horn 1894 puberulus Le Conte 1854 I have previously made passing mention of Sphaeriontis as a subgenus of Eusattus (1948: 709). WORKS CITED CASEY, T. L. 1908. A revision of the tenebrionid subfamily Coniontiae. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 10: 51-166. HORN, G. H. 1870. Revision of the Tenebrionidae of America north of Mexico. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 14 (n.s.) : 253-404. LA RIVERS, I. 1948. A synopsis of Nevada Orthoptera. Amer. Midi. Nat., 39: 652-720. Records of the Order Zoraptera from Alabama By B. D. VALENTINE and E. O. WILSON, University of Alabama A B. Guerney (Proc. But. Soc. Wash., 40: 3, 1938), in his synopsis of the order Zoraptera, estimated the range of Zoro- typus hubbardi Caudell to be from Maryland to Texas. Al- though he included no records from Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, Guerney stated that the insect is probably abundant in all of the southern states. Recent collections from Alabama have been numerous enough to indicate that this is true at least in this state. Typical Z. hubbardi was collected from March 30 through April 28, 1949, in the following widely distributed lo- calities : Millport, Lamar Co. ; Gordo, Pickens Co. ; Alberta City, Peterson, and Lynn Haven, Tuscaloosa Co. ; Eutaw, Greene Co. ; Alabama Port, Mobile Co. ; Bear Point, near Orange Beach, Baldwin Co. ; and Chattahoocb.ee State Park, Houston Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 Co. Specimens were identified principally on the basis of geni- talic slides compared with Guerney's figures. In seven of the localities, the insects were found under thick hark of moist pine stumps and logs. At Eutaw, they occurred under the bark of thoroughly dry pine stumps ; and at Peterson, they were under the bark of a moist oak log. Many insects, particularly termites of the genus Reticulitermes and ants of the genus Proceratluni, were frequently observed in the same situation as Zorotypus, but no evidence was found to indicate an obligatory association. In a total of 151 individuals taken, there were 59 apterous males, 45 apterous females, 3 clealate females, and 44 nymphs. No alate-form males were collected. Individual collections varied from a single apterous female to a group consisting of 21 ap- terous males, 18 apterous females, and 10 nymphs. Notes on Gesomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) After my manuscript on Gesomyrmex (Amer. Ent. Soc. Amer. XLII (1949) : 71-76) went into proof, I received a communica- tion from Dr. James Chapman, Silliman University, Dumaguete. Philippines, together with workers from two nests of G. hizo- tiensis var. chapman i Wheeler. I feel that some of the data ex- tracted from the letter are well worth noting in print. When Dr. Chapman returned to Dumaguete about two years ago he began looking for colonies of Gesovnyrinex. A tree in which he had previously located several nests had been destroyed by fire when the Japanese burned his mountain house. Dr. Chapman looked for nearly two years before he found another colony. He had to climb trees, search for workers among the higher foliage, and then follow the ants back to their burrows in the branches. The nests are only in the living branches. Dr. Chapman states that he has taken Gesomyrmex on three different islands of the Philippines group and that the ants seem at least superficially to belong to the same species. A. C. COLE, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J u ly> '49 Night Collections of Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) By GEORGE H. BICK, Zoology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans My attention was called to the possibility of obtaining large numbers of dragonflies at night by Mr. J. Bolley and Mr. C. Chancy who observed many of them perched on weeds and shrubs and apparently sleeping in a weedy field just outside the city limits of New Orleans. On the night of May 4 Mr. Bolley and I collected Libellula ncedhami (9 males, 11 females) and Pachidiplax longipennis (1 male, 2 females) in about one and one-half hours using a flashlight only. Most of the dragonflies were taken about 18 inches above ground perched on the basal dry parts of Paspalum sp. On the night of May 24 at the same locality and in about the same period of time Dr. Penn and I collected L. ncedhami (11 males, 7 females), Anax jiimns (1 male), P. longipennis (1 female). These were taken along a road bordering the field and were mostly from Ambrosia sp., Verbena bonariensis, and Sali.v nigra at heights of about three feet. On both occasions the dragonflies were perched vertically and were apparently sleeping. They were taken in the beam of light with the fingers. Often they scarcely stirred even after capture. The ease in collecting these specimens as contrasted with the more tedious daytime net technique warrants calling it to the attention of other workers. The method seems to have possi- bilities to furnish basic data for population analyses. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 D.D.T. as a Contributing Factor to the Increase of Trema- tode Diseases in Man and Other Animals. Under the title "Does destruction of water insects cause increase of Trematode disease?" Mr. J. Omer-Cooper has an article in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, of London, for June, 1949, in which he states : "In the Hluhlwe game reserve [Zululand] . . . there is a stream a mere trickle of water at the time we visited it with many pools in its bed, some of which are large and inhabited by fine specimens of crocodile. These crocodile pools and indeed all the pools in the game reserve have been sprayed by aeroplane many times with D.D.T. The waters had a curious dull dead look. Careful collecting showed that the D.D.T. had done its work well ; not so much as a mayfly or dragonfly nymph was caught. There were no beetles, but the stones were dotted everywhere with surprisingly large numbers of aquatic mollusca. On the road to Mkuzi there was a fine pond with lily pads over which ran . . . jacanas . . . while dragonflies darted here and there over its surface. Here was a plentiful supply of both dragonfly and mayfly nymphs. Beetles were present in numbers that made glad the heart. Molluscs were not particularly plentiful." Other examples of absence and of presence of dragonflies and their nymphs in Zululand and in the Northern Transvaal are given. Where enemies of molluscs, e. g., birds, certain insects, are destroyed, molluscs are numerous. "An increase in mol- luscs is likely to be accompanied by an increase in those Trema- todes which spend the early part of their lives within their bodies. Many of these trematodes are parasites of the Mam- malia. Man and his domestic animals sufifer from their attacks. When water snails increase there should be a greater incidence of Trematode disease. In Zululand and in the Transvaal, Bil- harziasis is very prevalent and seems to be definitely increasing." \Ve specify D.D.T. in this concatenation to render Mr. Omer- Cooper's examples the more eligible to inclusion in that series of classics which embraces Darwin's famous case of old maids (a post-Darwinian addition, to be sure), cats, mice, humble bees and red clover, and, still older. The house that Jack built. PHILIP P. CALVERT. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u' '49 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY RAYMOND Q. BLISS AND R. G. SCHMIEDER. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the year 1949 unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For other records of general literature and for economic literature, see the Bibliog- raphy of Agriculture, Washington, and the Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on medical entomology see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of periodicals and serials published in our January and June issues. The number of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining ex- clusively to Neotropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL Carpenter, H. Pseudacrea eurytus (Nym- phalid) : A study of a polymorphic mimic in various stages of speciation. [88] 100: 71-133, 28 figs. Chopard, L.- L'etat actual de la question des phases chez les insectes. (L'Annee Biol.] 25: 105-09. Fischel, W. Die Instinkte der Tiere. [Naturw. Rundschau] 2:193-98. Franz, H. Untersuchungen iiber dei Kleintierwelt ostalpiner Boden. II. Die Collembola. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 77: 81- 162, 1944. Gosmany, L. A. and G. Lengyel Hungar- ian Lepidopterology. I. A short history. [Lep. News] 3 : 430. Kiriakoff , S. G. Taxonomie et speciation. La semi-espece et la super-espece. [Bull, et Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.] 84: 64-70, 1948. La taxonomie des especes join- tives. Ibid. 120-23. La Rivers, I. Eutomic nematode lit- erature from 1926 to 1946, exclusive of medical and veteri- nary titles. [Wasmann Coll.] 7: 177-206. Meiners, E. P. A brief history of lepidopterology in Mo. [Lep. News] 3:51-52. Remington, C. L. The orders of insects. [Lep. News] 3:45-47. William Barnes (1860-1930). Ibid. 53. Scheffer, T. C. and O. W. Torgeson Humidifying appa- ratus for small test rooms. [80] 110:214-15. Woodrow, A. W. A convenient microsyringe. [80] 110: 142-43. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Auerbach, S. I. A preliminary ecological study of certain deciduous forest centipedes. [1] 42:220-27. Bodenstein, D. and A. Abdel-Malek The induction of aristopedia by nitrogen mustard in Drosophila virilis. [41] 111: 95-115. Bonne- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 maison, L. Action de 1'effet cle groupe sur la production des ailes chez Brevicoryne brassicae (Aphid). [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 229: 142-43. Bourgin, P. Incidence ther- mique sur le developpment de queque Coleopteres. [HO] 5: 51-53. Bowman, T. Chromatophorotropins in the cen- tral nervous organs of the crab, Hemigrapons oregonensis. [12] 96: 238-45. Brown and Jones Ovarian inhibition by a sinus-gland principle with fiddler crab. [12] 96:228-32. Cazal, P. Les glandes endocrines retro-cerebrales des in- sects (etude morphologique). Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. Suppl. 32: 1-227, 1948. Chaudhuri, S. P. R. Cytological studies on the Indian dragonflies. I. Structure and behavior of the chromosomes in six species of dragonflies. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2: 81-93. Chauvin, R. Une nouvelle me- thode d'appreciation de 1'effet de groupe chez les acridiens migrateurs. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris] 5: 79-87. Coutin, R. and P. Orison Hemichrysalides obtenues par ligature des chenilles de Laspeyresia pomonella L. (Lep., Tortr.) en rupture de diapause experimentale. [C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris] 143: 15-17. Deevey, G. B. The developmental history of Latrodectus mactans at different rates of feeding. [1] 42: 189-219. Delamare-Deboutteville Sur la mor- phologic du adultes apteres et ailes de Zorapteres. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris] 9: 145-54. Doncaster, J. P. and P. H. Gregory The spread of mosaic virus diseases in the potato crop. [Agr. Res. Council Rpt] ser. no. 7 : 189, London, 1948. Eidmann, H. Zur Kenntnis der Okologie von Azteca muel- leri Em. (Formicidae), ein Beitrag zum Problem der Myr- mecophyten. [Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.] 77: 1-80, ill., 1944. Fortin, B. fitude histologique du tube digestif de la larve d'Hylurgopinus rufipes (Scolytid). [55] 76: 142-80. Gotz, B. Tageszeit und Insektenaktivitat. [Naturw. Rundschau] 2: 257-61. Grainger, J. Ecology of potato viruses and their insect vectors. (Review of paper by Don- caster and Gregory.) [53] 163: 660. Grosch, D. S. The relation of the mid-gut to growth and development of Hab- robracon, with a pertinent note on sporozoan infection. [38] 65: 61-69, ill. Harnisch, O. Zum Problem des Lebens ohne Sauerstoff bei wirbellosen Tieren. [Forsch. u. Fortschr.] 21/23: 175-76, 1947. Hartung, E. W. and M.-G. Tillinghast The nature of the pigmented sheath in Drosophila tumors. [80] 109:565-66. Hassett, C. C. and D. W. Jenkins Production of radioactive mosquitoes. [80] 110: 109-10. Hausman, S. A. Some morphological and histological studies of the developing compound eye in 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty' '49 the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster. [84] 68: 154- 62. Helman, B. Etude de la vitalite relative du genotype sauvage Oregon et du genotype comportant le gene stubble chez Drosophila melanogaster. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228 : 2057-58. Henke, K. Einfache Grundvorgange in der tierischen Entwicklung. II. Uber die Entstehung von Dif- ferenzierungsmustern. [Die Naturwissenschaften] 35: 176-81, 203-11, 239-46. Holdaway, G. F. and F. J. Day- Temperature studies of the habitat of Eutermes exitiosus with special reference to the temperature within the mound. [Austral. Jour. Res.] 1 : 464-93, 1948. Holldobler, K.- Uber ein parantologisches Problem. Die Gastpflege der Ameisen und die Symphilieninstinkte. [Zeitschr. Parasit- enkunde] 14:3-26. House, H. L. and Patton, R. L. Nu- tritional studies with Blattella germanica reared under aseptic conditions. I. Equipment and technique. [23] 81 : 94-100. Husain, M. A., C. B. Mathur and M. L. Roonwal Studies on Shistocera gregaria, XIII. Food and feeding habits of the desert locust. (Indian Jour. Ent.] 8: 141-94. 1946. Jackson, C. H. N. The biology of the tsetse flies. [Biol. Rev.] 24: 174-99. Kleinholz and Little Studies in the regulation of blood-sugar concentration in Crustaceans. I. Normal values and experimental hyperglycemia in Li- biria emarginata. [12] 96: 218-27. Lafon, M. Re- cherches biochemiques et physiologiques sur le squelette tegumentaire du Arthropodes. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris] 5: 113-46. Larsen, O. Uber die kataleptische Akinese der Nepiden. [Opusc. Ent., Lund] 14: 4-25. Leclercq, J. La proportion des sexes dans les colonies de Tenebrio moli- tor. [Bull, et Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.] 84: 191-95, 1948. Manning, J. F. Sex-determination in the honey bee. [51] 7: 175-80. Manton, S. M. (Mrs. J. P. Harding) Studies on the Onycophora, VII. The early embryonic stages of Peripatopsis and some general considerations concerning the morphology and physiology of the Arthropoda. [Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B] 233: 483-580, ill. Maramorosch, K., M. K. Brakke and L. M. Black Me- chanical transmission of a plant tumor virus to an insect vector. [80] 110: 162-63. Marlier, G. Relation entre temperature lethal et habitat normal chez les larves de Tri- chopteres. [C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris] 143:100-01. Martin, H. and R. L. Wain Dehydrochlorination and insecticidal action in chlorinated hydrocarbons. [53] : 163: 918. Mer- rell, D. J. Selective mating in Drosophila melanogaster. [Genetics] 34: 370-89. M'ikulski, J. S. Studies in ther- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 mal ecology of insect pupae I. Pupae of Malacosoma neus- tria and Euproctis chrysorrhoea. [Bull. Int. Acad. Polo- naise Cl. Sci. Math., Nat.] ser. B, No. 1-6, B II: 109-15, 1948. Noirot, C. Le developpment des neutres chez les Termites superieurs. II. Nasutitermitinae. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228: 2053-54. Ossiannilsson, F. Insect drummers. A study of the morphology and function of the sound producing organs of Swedish Homoptera Auchenor- ryncha. [Opusc. Ent., Lund] Suppl. 10: 1-145, ill. Palm, N. B. The pharyngeal gland in Bombus and Psithurus. [Opusc. Ent., Lund] 14: 27-47. Peters, W. Some trans- formations in asymmetry among Corixidae. [44] : 525-34, ill. Piepho, H. Zur Frage der Bildungsorgane des Hau- tungswirkstoffs bei Schmetterlingen. [Die Naturw r iss.] 35 : 94-95. Pradhan, K. S. On the structure and post-em- bryonic development of the male genital organs of the wooly bear Anthrenus fasciatus (Dermestid). [Jour. Zool. Soc. India] 1 : 49-56, ill. Pratt, J. J. and H. L. House A qualitative analysis of the amino acids in royal jelly. [80] 110: 9-10. Qadri, M. A. H. On the digestive sys- tem and the skeleto-muscular structures of the head capsule in the mango hoppers, Idiocerus niveosparsus. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2: 43-55. Ravoux, P. La muscula- ture du trone de Scutigerella immaculata. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris] 9:63-108. Rosedale, J. L. Nucleic acid of insects. [Jour. Ent. Soc. S. Afr.] 11:34-37. Schaerffenberg, B.- Konnen Landtiere unter Wasser leben? [Osterreichische Zool. Zeitschr.] 2: 159-63. Schilder, F. A. Die Blattre- blaus auf der Edelrebe. [Der Ziichter] 19: 184-87. Sel- lier, R. Diapause larvaire et macropterisme chez Gryllus campestris. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 228: 2055-56. 'Sel- lier and Barbotin Contribution a 1'etude du gynandromor- phisme chez les hymenopteres. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris] 9: 13-26. Sharif, M. Effects of constant temperature and humidity on the development of the larvae and the pupae of three Indian species of Xenopsylla (Siphonaptera). [Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc., London] ser. B, 233 (607) : 581- 635. Theordorides, J. Le Coleopteres parasites acciden- tales de 1'homme. [Ann. de Parasit.] 24: 110-15. Le Coleopteres nuisables aus animaux domestiques. Ibid. 116-23. Toth, L. Nitrogen-binding by Kalotermes flavi- collis (Isoptera) and its symbionts. [Hungarica Acta Biol.] 1: 22-29. Vachon, M. Contribution a 1'etude du developpement post-embryonnaire de Pachybolus ligulatus. [Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris] 9: 109-21. Voy, A. Sur la crois- 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '49 sance des pattes du Phasme (C. morosus). [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 229:251-52. Wal'ofF, N. Observations on the larvae of Ephestia elutella (Phyctidae) during diapause. [88] 100: 147-59. Wolsky, S., L. Czik and G. Fabian- Further investigations in the mechanism determining body colour in Drosophila melanogaster. [Hungarica Acta Biol.] 1: 1-10. Young, C. W., D. E. Fletcher and N. Wright On olfaction and infrared radiation theories. [80] 108: 411. Zamecnik, P. C., et al. Biological synthesis of radioactive silk. [80] 100: 624-26. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Attems, G.- Myriopoda 3. Polydesmoiclea III. [Das Tierreich] Lf. 70: 1-577, 1940. Auerbach, S. I. (See under Anatomy.) Baker, E. W. y A. Hoffmann Acaros de la familia Cunaxi- dae. [104] 5: 229-54, ill., 1948. Bishop, S. C. Spiders of the Nueltin Lake Expedition, Keewatin, 1947. [23] 81 : 101-04 (*). Boyd, E. M. A new genus and species of mite from the nasal cavity of the ring-billed gull. [Aca- rina, Epidermopt.] [46] 35: 295-300. Chamberlin, R. V. A new fossil Chilopod from the late Cenozoic. [Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist.] 11 : 117-20, ill. American mil- lipeds of the family Paeromopidae. [Nat. Hist. Misc.] No. 52 : 1-6. Cooreman, J. et A. Crevecoeur Le cycle bi- ologique de Vidia concellaria (Acaridae, Ensliniellidae), acarier vivant dans les nids de Cerceris arenaria. [Bull, et Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.] 11-12: 277-83, 1948. Deevey, G. B. (See under Anatomy.) Delpy, L. P. Revision par des voies experimentales du genre Hyalomma (2e partie). [Ann. de Parasit.] 24: 97-109. Ewing, H. E. The origin and classification of the trombiculid mites, or Trombiculi- dae. [48] 39: 229-37. Grandjean, F. Remarques sur 1'evolution numeriques des papilles genitales et de 1'organe de Claparede chez les Hydracreens). [Bull. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat.] 2 ser., 21 : 75-82. Gregson, J. D. Notes on the occurrence of Ornithodorus hermsi in British Columbia and its probable relation to relapsing fever (Argasidae). [Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Col.] 45: 15-16. Hoffman, R. L.- A new milliped from the U. S. [Nat. Hist. Miscel.j No. 46: 13. A new genus of Xystodesmid millipeds from the Riu Kiu Archipelago with notes on related species. Ibid. No. 45: 1-6, ill. Jameson, E. W. Jr. Myobiia mites from Con- dylura cristata and Neurotrichus gibbsii (Mammalia). [46] 35: 423-30. Loomis, H. F. New millipeds of the spirobolid genus Watichelus from the Pacific coast. [48] 39: 241-44. Manton, S. M. Onycophora. (See under Ix, '49 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 Anatomy.) Radford, C. D. A revision of the fur mites Myobiidae. [Bull. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat.] 2 ser., 21 : 91-97. Ravoux, P. (See under Anatomy.) Scares, B. A. M. and H. E. M. Scares Monografia dos generos de Opilioes neo- tropicos. [Arq. Zool. Est. Sao Paulo] 5: 553-635, 1948. Stranatmann, R. W. The blood-sucking mites of the genus Haemolaelaps (Laelaptidae) in the United States. [46] 35 : 325-52. Thomas, M. L'instinct chez les Araignees. Observationes stir Tibellus oblongus. [Bull, et Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.] 85: 23-24. Thor, S. and C. Willmann Aca- rina 3. Trombidiidae. [Das Tierreich] Lf. 71b : v-xxvi, Ig7_541 t 1947. Turk, F. A. Dinocheirus stercoreus, a new pseudoscorpion from the Bracken Cave, Texas. [6] ser. 12, 2: 120-26. Vachon, M. (See under Anatomy.) SMALLER ORDERS Bagnall, R. S. Contribution to- wards a knowledge of the Isotomidae (Collembola). [6] ser. 12, 2: 81-96 (*). Baibey, S. F. The genus Orothrips Moulton. [60] 25: 104-12 (k), ill. Bianchi, F. A. New thrips records and species from the Marianas. [Proc. Ha- waiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 347-50. Carpentier, F. A propos des endosternites du thorax des Collemboles. [Bull, et Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.] 85 : 41-52, ill. Chaudhuri, S. P. R.- Odonata. (See under Anatomy.) Delamare-Deboutteville (See under Anatomy.) Denning, D. G. A new genus and five species of Trichoptera. [43] 22:88-93. New and little known species of caddisflies. [1] 42: 112-22. Franz, H. Collembola. (See under General.) Guimares, L. R. Contribuqao ao conhecimento dos Malofagos dos Psita- cidas brasilieros. [Arq. Zool. Est. Sao Paulo] 5 : 243-309 (*), ill., 1948. Sobre algumas especies do genero Polygenis Jordan, 1939 (Pulicidae Suctoria). Ibid. 539-52, ill. Guimaraes, L. R. and G. H. E. Hopkins Notes on some Mallophaga from Crypturellus parvirostris and C. t. ta- taupa. [6] ser. 12, 2: 65-80 (S*). Holdaway and Day- Isoptera. (See under Anatomy.) Holland, G. P. A re- vised check list of the fleas of British Columbia. [Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia] 45:7-14. Le Calvez, J. Don- nees caryologiques stir 1'Embioptere Monotylota ramburi. [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris] 229: 245-46. Marlier, G. Tri- choptera. (See under Anatomy.) Mukerji, D. and P. K. Mitra Ecology of the mound-building termite, Odonto- termes redemanni, in relation to measures of control. [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2: 9-25, ill. Noirot, C. Isop- tera. (See under Anatomy.) Ross, H. H. Descriptions of some western Limnephilidae (Trichoptera). [60] 25: 119- 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J ur y> '49 28 (k), ill. Stach, J. The apterygotan fauna of Poland in relation to the world fauna of this group of insects (Family Isotominidae) . [Acta Monogr. Musei Hist. Nat.] pp. 1- 488, ill., 1947. Family Neogastruridae and Bachystomelli- dae. Ibid. 1-341, ill. Sharif, M. Siphonaptera. (See un- der Anatomy.) Toth, L. Isoptera. (See under Anat- omy.) Whitehead, H. Notes on a net-spinning caddis larva, Hydropsyche angustipennis. [Naturalist, London] No. 830: 89-90. Wygodzinsky, P. Contribucion al cono- cimiento de las Lepismatinae americanas. [Acta Zool. Lil- loana] 6: 215-17, 1948. ORTHOPTERA Bruijning, C. F. A. Hormetica lu- teomarginata, a new blattid (Orth.) from Brazil. [Zool. Mededel., Leiden] 30(9): 111-14. Campbell, M. G.- Notes on Grylloblatta at Kamloops. [Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia] 45: 1-5. Chauvin, R. (See under Anatomy.) Hetrick, L. A. Field notes on a color variant of the two- striped walking stick (Anisomorpha buprestoides). [31] 32: 74-77. House, H. L. and Patton, R. L. (See under Anatomy.) Husain, M. A. et al. (See under Anatomy.) Princis, K. The Blattaria described by Carl Peter Thun- berg. [Opusc. Ent., Lund] 14: 61-67. Qadri, M. A. H.- (See under Anatomy.) Schwabe, C. W. Observations on the life history of Pycnoscelus surinamensis, the intermedi- ate host of the chicken earworm in Hawaii. [Proc. Hawai- ian Ent. Soc.] 13: 433-36. Sellier, R. (See under Anat- omy.) Thomas, T. The life history of the greenhouse roach (Pycnoscelus surinamensis). [Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci.] 12: 59-65. Voy, A. (See under Anatomy.) HEMIPTERA Bonnemaison, L. (See under Anat- omy.) Drake, C. J. New and little known Piesmidae and Tingidae. [Zool. Mededel., Leiden] 30(4): 73-76 (S). Dupuis, C. Observations biologiques sur les parasites d'Hemipteres Heteropteres a Richelieu (Indre et Loire) en 1946, 1947, 1948. [Ann. de Parasit.] 24: 259-64. Fennah, R. G. New Tropiduchidae from Melanesia (Fulgorid). [6] ser. 12, 2: 161-72. Froeschner, R. C. Contributions and a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. IV. [1] 42: 123-88. Larsen, O. (See under Anatomy.) Morgan, L. W. and R. H. Beamer A revision of three genera of delphacine fulgorids from America north of Mexico. [43] 22: 97-120. Ossiannilsson, F. (See under Anatomy.) Peters, W. (See under Anatomy.) Schilder, F. A. (See under Anatomy.) Usinger, R. L. War-time dispersal of Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 Pacific island Mysius (Lygaeid). [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.l 13:447-48. LEPIDOPTERA Basu, A. C. Experiments on pupae formation of Prodenia litura (Noctuid). [Proc. Zool. Soc. Bengal] 2: 73-79. Carpenter, H. (See under General.) Coutin and Orison (See under Anatomy.) Dos Passes, C. F. The photography of types of Lepidoptera. [Lep. News] 3: 41-42, ill. Freeman, H. A. Notes on some tropical American skippers (Hesperiidae). [Field and Lab., Dallas, Texas] 17: 75-81. Fukushima, L Noctui- dae of Micronesia. [Mushi] 18: 1-22, 1947. Garth, J. S.- Studies on California Lepidoptera. I. A new species of Speyeria atlantis from the Kaibab plateau. [21] 48: 1-4. Gosmany and Lengyel (See under Anatomy.) Henke, K. -(See under Anatomy.) Hardy, G. A. Notes on the life history of Xanthorhoe defensaria (Geometrid). [Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia] 45 : 17-19. Hulls, L. G. An in- genious method of forcing pupae employed by Reaumur. [30] 82 : 154. Janse, A. J. T. The moths of South Africa, vol. IV, pt. 3, Nepticulidae. Durban, 1948 (from Transvaal Mus., Pretoria). Kiriakoff, S. G. Recherches stir les or- ganes tympaniques des Lepidopteres en rapport avec la classification. [Bull, et Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg.] 84: 231-76, 1948. Meiners, E. P. (See under General.) Mikulski, J. S. (See under Anatomy.) Piepho, H. (See under Anat- omy.) Querci, O. and L. Romei Activity and mortality of Pieris rapae in America, Africa and Europe. [29] 61 : 61- 63. Sperry, J. L. Southwestern geometrid notes and new species. [21] 48: 7-12. Speyer, W. Die Wandergewohn- heiten und der Flug des grossen Kohweisslings (Pieris brassicae L.). [Zeitsch. Pflanzen.J 55: 335-41. Temple, V. The courtship flight of butterflies as a means of extend- ing the range of certain species. [30] 82: 145-47. Tra- vassos, Filho, L. Redescriqao de Pericopis picta (Peri- copid). [Arq. Zool. Est. Sao Paulo] 5: 483-537, ill., 1948. Van Deurs, W. Sommerfugle. VI. Pyralider. Danmarks Fauna 48: 1-115, ill., 1942. Sommerfugle. VII. Fjermol (Pterophoridae og Orneodidae). Ibid. 52: 1-56, ill., 1948. Vazques, G. L. Observaciones sobre Pieridos mexicanos, con descripciones de algunas formas nuevas. [8] 19: 469- 84, ill. Viette, P. Le Lepidopteres Gelechiidae du Pacific sud. [Bull. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat.] ser. 2, 21: 98-104. Note sur quelques Eriocranidae nord-americains. [Lam- billionea] 49: 30-32 (k). Waloff, N. (See under Anat- omy). Williams, C. B. Migrant butterflies outside North 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '49 America. [Lep. News] 3: 39-40. Zamecnik, P. C., et al. (See under Anatomy.) DIPTERA Alexander, C. P. Undescribed species of crane-flies from New Guinea in the South Australian Mu- seum. [Rec. S. Austr. Mus.j 8: 585-606. Aczel, M. Grundlagen einer Monographic der Dorilaiden. Dorilaiden Studien VI. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 6:5-168,1948. d'An- dretta, C. Jr. e M. A. V. Andretta Especies neotropicais da familia Simuliidae. [Arq. Zool. Est. Sao Paulo] 5: 637- 47 (k), ill., 1948. Barretto, M. P. Catalogo dos Flebotomos americanos. [Arq. Zool. Est. Sao Paulo] 5: 177-242, 1948. Bodenstein, D. and A. Abdel-Malek (See under Anatomy.) Fullaway, D. T. Dacus dorsalis in Hawaii (Dipt.). [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 351-55. Guimaraes, L. R. Re- visao das especies sul-americanas do genero Basilia (Nyc- teribi.). [Arq. Zool. Est. Sao Paulo] 5: 1-88 (k*), 1948. Hassett and Jenkins (See under Anatomy.) Hausman, S. A. (See under Anatomy.) Hennig, W. Uber einige verkannte Dipteren-Gattungen (Cnemospathis, Beckeri- nella, Cypselosoma and Malacomyia). [Acta Zool. Lillo- ana] 6: 169-70 . Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Kopulations- apparates und der Systematik der Acalyptraten IV. Lon- chaelidae und Lauxaniidae. Ibid. 333-429 (k*). Jackson, C. H. N. See under Anatomy.) Kessel, E. L. Two new species of Agathomyia from the Pacific Coast of North America (Cythi.). [Wasmann Coll.] 7: 215-19. Knowl- ton, G. F. Biting midges in Utah. [43] 22: 93. Lewis, D. J. Tracheal gills in some African culicine mosquito lar- vae. [68] 24: 60-66, ill. Merrell, D. J. (See under Anat- omy.) Morgan, M. J. Notes on the morphology of some species of Tanypodidae (Chironomid). [68] 24: 39-45, ill. Paramonoff, S. J. Bestimmungstabelle samtlicher Ent- wicklungsstadien der Magendasseln (Gastrophilidae). [Zeitschr. Parasitenkunde] 14: 27-37, ill. Pechuman, L. L. Some notes on Tabanidae and the description of two new Chrysops. [23] 81 : 77-84. Quisenberry, B. F. Notes and descriptions of North American Tephritidae. [43] 22: 81-88, ill. Ringdahl, O. Fosok till art gruppering inom slaktena Phaonia R. D. och Helina R. D. (Muscidae). [Ent. Tidskr.] 70: 136-46. Sabrosky, C. W. The muscid genus Ophyra in the Pacific region. [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 423-32 (k*). COLEOPTERA Balachowsky, A. Coleopteres Scoly- tides. [Faune de France] 50: 1-320. ill. Blackwelder, R. E. Notes on the preparation of catalogues. [Coleopt. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 Bull.] 3: 33-37. Bibliographia studies on the dates of books on Coleoptera. I. Ibid. 42-46. Bourgin, P. See under Anatomy.) Cartwright, O. L. Aphodius vestiarius Horn, a synonym of A. curionlus Cheurulat. [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 37-38. The egg-ball of Deltochilum gibbosum. Ibid. 38. Chandler, H. P. A new species of Stenelmis from Nevada. [60] 25 : 133-36. Clark, M. E. --An anno- tated list of Coleoptera taken near Terrae, B. C, pt. 2. [Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia] 45:21-24. Dibb, J. R.- Beetle ecology (5) (concluded). [Coleopt. Bull.] 3: 39- 41. Fortin, B. (See under Anatomy.) Green, J. W. The Lycidae of the U. S. and Canada. I. The tribe Lycini. [83] 75: 53-70. Hansen, V. Biller. X. Sandspringere og L0bebiller (Cicindelidae og Carabidae). Danmarks Fauna 47: 1-380, ill., 1941. Biller. XII. Heteromerer. Ibid. 50: 1-293, 1945. Hatch, M. H. Studies on the Coleoptera of the Pacific Northwest. I (Cicind., Carb.). [60] 25: 113-18 (k), ill. Hincks, W. D. Systematic and synonymic notes on Passalidae. [6] ser. 12, 2: 56-64 (S*). Leclercq, J. (See under Anatomy.) Monros, F. Descripcion de diez nuevos Camptosoma neotopicales (Chrysomel.). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 6: 171-200, ill., 1948. Monte, O. The weevils of the genus Tachygonus in the U. S. Nat. Mus., with descriptions of new species. [71] 99(3226) : 213-27. Pradhan, K. S. (See under Anatomy.) Salt, G. and F. S. J. Hollick Studies of wireworm population. [4] 36: 169- 86. Strohecker, H. F. The genus Spathomeles Ger- staecker, with the description of a new species from Borneo (Endoraychid) . [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 437-44, ill. Swezy, O. H. Synonymy of Hypocryphalus mangi- ferae and its occurrence in Hawaii (Scolytid). [Proc. Ha- waiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 445-46. Theodorides, J. (See un- der Anatomy.) Vogt, G. B. Notes on Cerambycidae from the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas. [60] 25 : 137-44. Zimmermann, E. C. and W. H. Anderson A new Dynato- pechus weevil injuring lima beans in Haw r aii (Curcul.). [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.] 13 : 449-56. HYMENOPTERA Bohart, R. M. Notes on North American Polistes with descriptions of new species and subspecies. [60] 25 : 97-103. Brown, W. L. Revision of the ant tribe Dacetini. III. Epitritus Emery and Ouad- ristruma n. gen. [83] 75: 43-51. Buckell, E". R. Record of bees from B. C. (Andrenidae). [Proc. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia] 45: 27-30. Cockerell, T. D. A. Bees from Central America, principally Honduras. [71] 98(3233): 429-90. Cooreman et Crevecoeur (See under Acarina.) 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u* '49 Driesbach, R. R. Psammocharini of North America and the Antilles : Key to genera : new species and key to males of Pompilinus. [27] 29: 1-58. Eidmann, H. (See under Anatomy.) Frisch, K. von Aus dem Leben der Biene. 4th enlarged ed., 196 pp., 112 figs., Springer, Wien, 1948. Gahan, A. B. Identity of the Anagyrus that parasitizes the pineapple mealy bug. (Encyrtid.). [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 357-60. The status of the genus Mymar Curtis (Mymar.). [48] 39: 204-05. Grosch, D. S. See under Anatomy.) Holldobler, K. (See under Anatomy.) Krom- bein, K. V. Two new wasps from Melanesia and notes on a third recently introduced into Hawaii (Sphecid). [Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc.] 13: 361-65. The aculeate Hymen- optera of Micronesia. I. Scoliidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae and Sphecidae. Ibid. 367-410 (k*). Ledoux, A. Le cycle evolutif de la Fourmis fileuse (Oecophylla longinoda). [C. R. Acacl. Sci., Paris] 229: 246-48. Manning, J. F.- (See under Anatomy.) Palm, N. B. (See under Anatomy.) Pratt and House (See under Anatomy.) Sellier and Bar- botin (See under Anatomy.) Stannard, L. J., Jr. The nearctic species of the genus Periclista (Tenthredinid). [83] 75: 7-42. Stevens, O. A. Native bees. [N. Dak. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bimon. Bull.] 10: 187-94. Bumble bees. Ibid. 11:49-54. Sweeney, R. C. H. A method of estimat- ing the number of living ants in a colony. [28] 85: 187-88. Timberlake, P. H. The species of Dianthidium of Baja California. [60] 25: 129-32 (*). Townes, H. The ne- arctic species of the family Stephanidae. [71] 99(3243): 361-70, ill. Reviews A GENERAL TEXTBOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY, by A. D. Imms. Seventh edition. New York, E. P. Button and Co., Inc. Pp. xii, 727, 624 figs., $12.50. Reviews of earlier editions of this great textbook have ap- peared in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1925 and 1934. Published by Methuen and Co., Ltd., London, it is handled in this country by E. P. Button and Co. who have placed it on sale as of May tenth. Its author, the well known chief of the Rothamstead Experimental Station, died on April third. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 The jacket of the book states that this is a "revised" edition, a statement that is rather misleading since the book has by no means been brought up to date and does not differ essentially from the third edition which appeared in 1934. A few unimpor- tant illustrations have been replaced since then and two or three new references have been added to the literature. In spite of the fact that some parts of the book are not up to date, this text is still very valuable and useful, even in America. The section on classification is very extensive and thorough and under each order there is included an account of the internal anatomy of that order, something that one cannot find in Ameri- can general textbooks. The information on external features, taxonomy and biology is similar to that in our own Comstock and about as detailed, while the keys are less formidable and discouraging since they are broken up into separate keys to the superfamilies. Finally, another useful feature of Imms has been the carefully selected list of references at the end of each chap- ter. R. G. SCHMIEDER. THE FIG, by Ira J. Condit. Pp. xviii + 222, 27 text fig- ures. Waltham, Mass., 1947, the Chronica Botanica Co. ; New York City, Stechert-Hafner, Inc. Price $5.00. This volume is sufficiently comprehensive in its treatment to be valuable alike to the historian, the fig culturist, the botanist and the entomologist. The author has traced the history of the fig in great detail as the most ancient of known cultivated fruits, from about 2000 B.C., to its first introduction into America in about 1575, and on to its high development in the modern fruit industry. In addition, he discusses the systematic botany, breeding, caprification, varieties and character of the fruit, fig culture, propagation, dried figs, chemistry and food value, marketing, disease and pests. The work is of interest to the entomologist not only from the standpoint of insects which attack the fig, but also for their unique and necessary use in its fertilization. The book is most thoroughly documented and contains a comprehen- sive bibliography of about 750 titles. M. E. PHILLIPS. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera Large quantities of Plexippus, Colias, Cardui, Vanil- lae wanted for cash or exchange for tropical butterflies. G. Mac- Bean, 710 Miller Rd., Sea Island, Vancouver, B. C. Ants of the tribe Dacetini (Strumigenys, Rhopalothrix and related genera) wanted for world revision. W. L. Brown, Jr., Harvard Uni- versity Biological Laboratories, Cambridge 38, Mass. Mallophaga (on which immediate determination is not necessary) wanted for study and determination. R. L. Edwards, Dept. Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. Tingidae (Heteroptera) of the world wanted, in alcohol, with host and other ecological data. Will collect other orders in exchange. N. S. Bailey, 16 Neponset Ave., Hyde Park 36, Mass. Bombidae, nearctic and neotropical, wanted for exchange, identi- fication, or purchase. Will exchange in other groups for bumblebees. Earth Maina, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111. Saturnidae of the world. Will purchase individual specimens or cocoons. F. E. Rutkowski, St. Bede College, Peru, Illinois, U. S. A. Butterflies of New England, principally from New Haven, Conn., for exchange. Louis Clarke, 28 W. Elm St., New Haven 15, Conn. Wanted Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vols. 1-6; Proc. Cal. Acad. (Nat.) Sci., 1-7; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1-20; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1-10; Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1-5; Psyche, 11, 13, 15; Ent. Amer. n.s., 7-26. C. F. dos Passes, Mendham, N. J. Miridae (Capsidae) American species wanted, with locality labels, in exchange for British species. D. Leston, F.R.E.S., 6 Frognal Rise, London N. W. 3, England. Wanted Entomological microscope in good condition; Spencer, Bausch & Lomb, or other standard make. David G. Shappirio, 4811 17th St., N.W., Washington 11, D. C. W. S. Blatchley Books for Sale Rhyncophora of N. E. America, 1916, 682 pp., Paper $4.00 Orthoptera of N. E. America, 1920, 784 pp., Paper 5.00 Heteroptera of E. N. America, 1926, 1116 pp., Cloth 10.00 Coleoptera of Indiana, when available . 50.00 Address Librarian, Blatchley Nature Study Club, Noblesville, Indiana. FOR A WORLD-WIDE SELECTION OF INSECTS AND COLLECTIONS, LOOK TO WARD'S Buying and selling insect specimens from all over the world is but another of the many services Ward's offers the en- tomologist. Entire collections of first-class specimens are readily purchased and sold. Write for Ward's specimen price lists today! Make Ward's your entomological headquarters. Uf ADIVQ If Hit U O Natural Science Establishment, Inc. Sefivuuf. ike. HatvtoU Science* Since. J863. 3000 Ridge Road East Rochester 9, New York Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1138. Cresson (E. T., Jr.) A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the neotropical Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Notiphilinae (73: 35-61, 1947) $ .90 1142. A systematic annotated arrangement of the gen. and spp. of the Ethiopian Ephydridae. II. The subfam. Noti- philinae (73: 105-124, 1947) 50 HYMENOPTERA 1137. Pate (V. S. L.) The Pemphilidine wasps of the Caribbees (73: 1-33, 1 pi., 1947) 85 COLEOPTERA 1145. Dillon (L. S. & E. S.) The tribe Dorcaschematini (Coleop- tera: Cerambycidae) (73: 173-298, 6 pis., 1947) 3.45 1139. Green (J. W.) New Eastern Amer. sp. of Podabrus (73: 63-76, figs., 1947) 35 1144. Robinson (M.) Two new spp. of Scarabaeidae (73: 169- 171, 1947) 20 1146. A review of the genus Phanaeus inhabiting the United States (73: 299-305, 1947) 20 LEPIDOPTERA 1141. Darlington (E. P.) Notes on certain types of Lepidoptera described by Brackenridge Clemens (73: 85-104, 1947) ... .50 1140. Williams (J. L.) The anatomy of the internal genitalia of Fumea Casta Pallas (73: 77-84, figs., 1947) 20 TRICHOPTERA 1143. Ross (H. H.) Descriptions and records of No. Amer. Tri- choptera, with synoptic notes (73: 125-168, 7 pis., 1947) .. 1.40 ODONATA 1147. Needham (J. G.) Studies on the No. Amer. spp. of the genus Gomphus (Odonata) (73: 307-339, fig., 1 pi., 1947) 85 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS OCTOBER 1940 Vol. LX No. . CONTENTS Bliss Sex differences in Nicrophorus 197 IXth International Congress . . La Rivers Xew species of Dryopj Crabill A ne\v centipede / Current Entomological Literature Reviews The wavs of a mud dauber T^T^r" 8 ^" 221 j The insect world of J. Henri Fabre 222 Action of organic insecticides 222 Kntomon, a new journal 223 PDBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $4.00 domestic: 54.30 foreign; $4.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 187. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28. 1925. authorized April 19. 1943. 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Secondary Sexual Differences in the Genus Nicrophorus (Coleoptera) By RAYMOND Q. BLISS, Philadelphia, Pa. Secondary sexual characters have been described in the genus Nicrophorus by Horn (1), Portevin (2), and Arnett (3), but there is some lack of agreement among these authors as to the characters included and as to the reliability of each character when used to diagnose the sex of an individual. My own re- cent studies have led me to conclude that there are no secondary sexual characters valid for the whole genus, although some spe- cies may show them. The above authors agree that the form of the anterior tarsi is a good character to separate the sexes. Horn states, "Tarsi slender, the anterior dilated in the male and fimbriate at the sides." Arnett states, ". . . the males have . . . the fore tarsal pulvilli expanded, whereas in the females . . . the fore tarsal pulvilli are simple." Portevin says, of the tribe Nicrophorini. page 178, "Les tarses sont de 5 articles, les quatre premiers larges chez le J 1 , aux tarses anterieurs," and on page 187, of his genus Necrocharis, "Celui-ci [males] a les tarses anterieurs faiblement dilates," and on page 191, of the genus Nicroplinrns s. s., "Les tarses anterieurs sont dilates chez le ^ sur les quatre premiers articles, parfois si faiblement qu'ils ne different guere de ceux de la $." This last statement seems to contradict some- what the first. The shape of the area of the head behind the eyes is used by Portevin who says, page 175, "Tete ovale. parfois subtriangu- (197) NOV 2 8 1949 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Oct., '49 laire ou carree en arriere, chez le J\ a cause clu developpement des tempes," and on page 186, Necrocharis, "Tete ovale, brus- quement etranglee derriere les yeux; . . . ," apparently with- out regard to sex, and on page 188, of the genus Nicrophorus s. s. "Tete grosse, ovale, $, subtriangulaire, J\, avec les tempes, tres renflees dans ce dernier sexe, . . . ." Arnett says, "the males have the eyes situated well forward on the head, ... in the females the eyes are placed well towards the back of the head, . . . ." Horn, however, says, "The head exhibits some variation in form within specific limits ; that is, while the eyes in some individuals are very close to the hind angles of the head, in others the head is notably prolonged behind them. This is neither sexual nor specific." The clypeus and rhinarium are also used : Portevin says, page 176. "La piece clypeal, generalement campanuliforme chez le J\ est presque toujours de la meme couleur dans les deux sexes, mais elle varie de forme et d'etendue avec la taille des individus ; elle est toujours plus ou moins reduite chez la 5-" and on page 188, "L'epistome est separe du front par une ligne tantot droit, tantot angulee ; la piece membraneuse qu'il renferme est gene- ralement plus developpee chez le J 1 ; ou elle affecte la form campanulee ; elle s'etend alors presque toujours jusqu'a la suture clypeo-frontale. Chez la 5 elle a souvent une forme triangu- laire, passant au trapeze tres transverse, pour aboutir a une simple bordure etroite a la partie anterieure du clypeus ; elle est parfois si petite qu'on peut la considerer comme nulle. Sa couleur est constante dans la meme espece mais varie quelquefois avec le sexe." Arnett says, "... the <$<$ have . . . the clypeus large ... in the $ the clypeus is appreciably smaller. . . ." Horn also states that the rhinarium varies in size and shape but gives it no sexual significance. He does not give any differ- ence in the clypeus. Portevin states that the tooth on the posterior trochanter is always more developed in the male but varies with the size of the individual. He also says that the frontal lines of the head are more often less noticeable in back in the male and equally well marked from one end to the other in the female. He sums up as follows : "Les tarses anterieurs sont dilates chez le J* sur les quatre premiers articles, parfois si faiblement qu'ils ne dif- Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 ferent guere de ceux de la $. Ce sont alors les caracteres tires des trochanters, de la forme de la tete et surtout de la membrane clypeale, qui indiqueront le sexe." He mentions one or all of these characters in his remarks on each species. In Portevin's remarks, in which he sometimes says clypeal piece and sometimes clypeal membrane, I find it difficult to decide whether he is referring to the entire clypeus or to the rhinarium. However, I found the rhinarium to be so variable individually that I believe it cannot be used at all. This seems to me to apply also to the frontal lines, and to some extent to the posttrochantinal spines. Horn says that the posterior femora are stout in the J 1 of N. carolinns and A r . americanns. I did not find this to hold good and noted that there is some variation in individuals. Horn also says that in N. orbicollis the posterior tibiae are much stouter in the J\ It seems to me that there is a tendency for them to be more slender proximally and more expanded distally in the J 1 but this also does not hold for all individuals. How- ever as these characters are only given for the particular species and in this study I am only considering the secondary sexual characters for the genus they are not included in this paper. Recently I had the opportunity to study the material of this genus in the collection of The Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, Reading, Pennsylvania. An attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of these characters in determining the sexes, and to see if there are any secondary sexual characters that are possessed, in common, by all the species of this genus. This paper is the result of that study, and the remarks and con- clusions are based on the above mentioned material. The specimens were relaxed in Barber's relaxing fluid for from 24 to 48 hours and the genitalia drawn out, thus enabling the sex to be determined. They were studied under a Spencer stereo-binocular microscope using the 9 >: ocular and the 1 X, 2 X, and 3 X objectives. Tn each species those characters that seemed to be of any value in that species \vere studied and recorded. The data presented below are the results of my in on 288 individuals belonging to 12 species. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '49 A 7 , carolinus (L.), 7 J^J 1 and 7 $$ were studied. The fronto- clypeal suture is straight or nearly so in all. One male has the temples expanded, the rest small. One male has the fore tarsi less expanded than in the other males, and one female has the fore tarsi slightly expanded. As for the posttrochantinal spine, the male mentioned above with less expanded fore tarsi has small spines and is a small specimen. Another male has these spines small. Two females have these spines larger than the other females. It seems then that the fore tarsi are a fairly good indicator of sex in this species but not infallible. They are, in both sexes, less expanded than in most species of the genus. The posttrochantinal spine is not very good and the other characters worthless. N. americanns (Oliv.), 14 <$<$, 21 9$. Three males have the frontoclypeal suture straight or nearly so, and in one female it is slightly curved caudad. The other males have a larger clypeus and the frontoclypeal suture is curved caudad, the other females have this suture straight and a smaller clypeus. How- ever the difference between the sexes in these two characters is slight in some individuals. The temples tend to be larger in the males but this difference is slight also. One of the males with a straight frontoclypeal suture has small temples, and three females have the temples large. The fore tarsi are expanded in both sexes. The posttrochantinal spine is the same in both sexes. There seems to lie no very good secondary sexual dif- ference in this species. N. sayi Lap., 8 J'J 1 , 3 $$. The frontoclypeal suture tends to be curved caudad in the males and straight in the females. The temples are all small but tend to be smaller in the females. One male with a straight suture has very small temples. The others of each sex have these two characters more typical of their sex but the difference is slight. The fore tarsi of the males are ex- panded. One female has the fore tarsi slightly expanded, the other two not expanded. The posttrochantinal spine has no significance. The fore tarsi seem to be the best character but I do not like to draw conclusions from such a small number of specimens. Ix, '49] ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS 201 .V. orhicollis Say. 34 $, 24 $$. The f rontoclypeal suture is straight or almost so in both sexes. The temples tend to be larger in the male but five males have small temples. The fore tarsi are not a good secondary sexual character as they tend to vary in both sexes, in some females they are expanded and in a few males they are slender. The posttrochantinal spine also varies with the individual. The temples seem to be the best character but are not absolutely reliable. N, marginatus Fab., 37 ^J 1 , 29 $$. The frontoclypeal suture varies. The temples tend to be large in both sexes. The fore tarsi are expanded in the male and slender in the female. This held good for all the specimens. The posttrochantinal spine varies with the individual. The post tibia varies with the indi- vidual in the amount of curvature. The fore tarsi appear to be a very good criterion for determining the sexes. N. pushtlatus Herschel, 12^, 10$$. The fore tarsi are expanded in the males and slender in the females, except one female, a large individual, has them slightly expanded. The other characters vary with the individual. .V. investigator Zett., 5 J\^, 6 $$. The frontoclypeal suture is slightly curved caudad in the males and straight in the females. The temples of the males vary somewhat but are larger than the females. The fore tarsi are expanded in the males and slender in the females. The posttrochantinal spine varies but tends to be more prominent in the males. All the secondary sexual characters seem to be good, but I think definite conclu- sions should not be made on such a small amount of material. A r . nigritus Mann.. 2^^, 5$$. This is too small a number for definite conclusions, but none of the characters is good in- sofar as shown by this material. N. vespilloidcs Hbst.. 6 <^ J\, 6$$. The small number pre- cludes any conclusions, but none of the secondary sexual char- acters hold good. N. toincntosus Web., 17 J'J 1 , 20 $$. The frontoclypeal suture is slightly curved in the males and straight in the females, the difference is slight and one male has a straight suture. The temples tend to be large and square in the males and small and 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '49 round in the females, but vary individually, and some of each are like the opposite sex. The fore tarsi are expanded in the males and slender in the females. The posttrochantinal spine varies individually. The fore tarsi seem to be the only reliable char- acter in this species. Af. (juthilus Mots., 5 J'J 1 , 5 5$. This is too small a number to draw conclusions. All have the frontoclypeal suture straight and the temples large. The fore tarsi are expanded in the males and slender in the females. N. Jiecate Bland, 2 <$, 3 $$. Again the number is too small. However none of the secondary sexual characters was reliable except the fore tarsi which are expanded in the males and slender in the females. DISCUSSION It seems hardly necessary to point out that it is the function of taxonomy to describe species in such a way that they may be recognized and this should apply to the sexes also. If sec- ondary sexual differences exist they should be described, but this can only be determined from a study of a fairly large series of specimens. Differences that are found only in some species should not be given as applying to a whole genus. Characters that vary individually so that the individuals of each sex ap- proach those of the other sex are not useful even though the}- do not actually intergrade. Those characters that do not vary individually, but are possessed by some individuals of each sex. even though they may predominate in one sex and be rare in the other, are of no value. To describe such characters with such qualifying words as 'generally,' 'sometimes,' or 'more or less' is confusing. Even though the statement, as qualified, is true one cannot know the number of exceptions that exist. Any rule or character used diagnostically must hold good for almost all of the individuals, certainly at least 90 per cent, and even this pro- portion may be too small where accurate results are desired. My studies have convinced me that there are no secondary sexual character that are applicable to the entire genus. The fore tarsi seem to be most useful, but even this character does not hold good in some species. In those in which it does, it is Ix, '49 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 possible that if a larger number of individuals had been avail- able for study more variation might have been shown. As to the other characters, N. investigator is the only one in which they hold good, but 5 J'J 1 and 6 $$ cannot be used as an ade- quate sample of a species. The shape of the temples is almost always either definitely rounded or square without intergrades but cannot be correlated with the sex in many individuals. The fronto-clypeal suture varies individually and intergrades, and so does the rhinarium. The posttrochantinal spine intergrades be- tween the individuals of each sex in each species. It does seem to show specific differences in some species but that is apart from the subject of this paper. Many of the individuals show a strong tendency to have the characters that have been said to pertain to the opposite sex. This is more true of some species than of others, and especially the smaller males of each species approach the female and the larger females approach the male in the characters studied. Some individuals resemble the op- posite sex in only one of these characters while others do in two or three. The use of the term "gynandromorph" in this connection is incorrect, according to modern usage, since no true sex-mosaics were encountered, i.e., no individuals in which a definitely circumscribed region, say one side, is genetically of the opposite sex. It seems, then, that to determine the sex the genitalia must be observed. They can be drawn out after being relaxed, or caused to be extruded by the method of Valentine (4). though I have not tried the latter. Some individuals die with the genitalia sufficiently extruded to determine the sex. Also the males have what appears to be one more abdominal segment than the female. 1 This is more or less retracted into the next segment cephalad, but is frequently extruded enough to be ob- 1 I am not concerned here with the homologies, but only with determin- ing the sexes. However, from a rather cursory study of the literature I am inclined to the opinion that, in this genus, the first two abdominal sternites have become atrophied and that the six visible ventral abdominal sternites are really sternites 3-8 of the abdomen, and that the extra seg- ment of the male mentioned here is the 9th. Also that in the female tin: ninth segment, or part of it, lias participated in formin.u the genitalia. 204 KNTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '49 served. It is composed of four sclerotized pieces, one dorsal, one ventral, the other two lateral, connected by membranes. The aedeagus when extruded comes out between the ventral and left lateral pieces, where the membrane is reduced. I would have liked to have made a more precise and quantita- tive study of this subject but rather doubt that any additional practical information would have come of it. I believe I have shown that the usually used sexual differences are not very reliable, so I have cleared up this one point. A more thorough study, if undertaken, should deal with each species separately, using a large series of specimens. My thanks are due to The Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, Reading, Pa., and to Mr. Lawerence S. Dillon, Curator of Insects there, for loan of the material used. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. HORN, G. H. Synopsis of the Silphidae of the United States with reference to the genera of other countries. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, p. 219-320. 2. PORTEVIN, G. Les grande Necrophages du Globe. Encyclopedic Entomologique, VI, 1926, p. 1-270. 3. ARNETT, R. H. A revision of the Nearctic Silphini and Nicrophorini based upon the female genitalia. Jour. New York Ent. Soc., LII, 1944, p. 1-25. 4. VALENTINE, J. M. On the preparation and preservation of insects, with particular reference to Coleoptera. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 103, 1942, p. 1-16. IXth International Congress of Entomology. The IXth International Congress of Entomology will be held August 17th-24th, 1951, in Amsterdam (Netherlands). Ento- mologists wishing to receive, in due course, programs and appli- cation forms are requested to communicate with the Secretariate, c.o. Physiologisch Laboratorium, 136 Rapenburgerstraat, Am- sterdam. Further communications will follow in 1950. Ix, '49J K. \TOMOLOGICAL NK\VS 205 A New Species of Microcylloepus from Nevada (Coleoptera : Dryopidae) By IRA LA RIVERS, University of Nevada, Reno HELMING MICROCYLLOEPUS Hinton 1935 Microcylloepus moapus * sp. nov. - General: a somewhat narrow, linear species ; clorsum red- dish-black, often obscured by a bluish-white powder, even in alcohol ; color sometimes lightening to reddish-brown on pos- terior pronotum and anterior elytra. 1.7-1.9 mm. long; 0.7- 0.8 mm. wide. Head: round, compact, withdrawn beneath anterior margin of pronotum to posterior eye margins ; surface minutely granu- late ; occiput, face (interocular space) and clypeus blackish-blue, granulate, in contrast to smooth, shiny black labrum. A thin silvery band is usually discernible across lower (ventral) end of clypeus (labro-clypeal band). Mouthparts and 11 -segmented antennae yellowish ; palpi white at sensory tips ; antennae nearly equal to pronotal length ; eyes whitish. Pronotum: darker anteriorly (blackish, often with blue-white tinge), generally fading to reddish or yellowish brown on pos- terior half. Surface finely granulate ; convex, and occasionally somewhat shiny anteriorly, flattened posteriorly. Lateral longi- tudinal carinae distinct for entire pronotal length, more or less bisinuately following outlines of lateral edges. Posterior disc bearing a readily detectable "Y"-shaped ridging, the handle of the ''Y" generally more easily seen than the forks. Edges >inuate on all sides except anterior, which is smooth across front, terminating in the antero-lateral angles which are abruptly produced forward into short, blunt angles; lateral edges bisinu- ate, the anterior sinuosity slightly weaker and shorter than pos- 1 From the Piute word "moapa." moaning "muddy"; the Warm Springs area in northern Clark County is the source of the Moapa River. - The following description is based entirely on alcoholic material. In dried specimens, the true color pattern is badly obscured by pile and a matinu ot bluish-white p<>\\